Reinforcement

Question 1

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 1

stimulus presented –> contingent on a response –> increases the future probability of the response

• the future increase in the response is a critical feature in defining reinforcement

Question 2

Role of Antecedent Stimuli
Caveat #1

Answer 2

reinforcement does not increase behavior under all conditions

temporal relation between
1. antecedent
2. responses
3. consequences

Question 3

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer 3

a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced

Question 4

Role of Antecedent Stimuli
Caveat #2

Answer 4

reinforcement depends on motivation

Question 5

Reinforc-er

Answer 5

stimulus or consequence

Question 6

Reinforce-ment

Answer 6

procedure or process

Question 7

Problems with delays to reinforcement

Answer 7

• other behaviors occur during the delay
• the behavior temporarily closest to the presentation to the reinforcer will be strengthened

Question 8

Automatic Reinforcement

Answer 8

reinforcement that occurs independent

Question 9

Unconditioned Reinforcers
AKA: Primary

Answer 9

function as reinforcers due to heredity/evolution

*do not require any learning history

Question 9

Conditioned Reinforcers
AKA: Secondary

Answer 9

neutral stimuli that begin to function as reinforcers as a result of being paired with other reinforcers

Question 10

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers

Answer 10

a type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers

*do not depend on a specific EO

Question 11

Reinforcers by Formal Properties

Answer 11

• edible reinforcers
• sensory reinforcers
• tangible reinforcers
• activity reinforcers
• social reinforcers

Question 12

Strategies to Identify Reinforcers

Answer 12

1. stimulus preference assessment
2. reinforcer assessment

Question 13

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 13

stimulus removed –> contingent on a response –> results in an increase in the future probability of that response

Question 14

Escape

Answer 14

presented with stimulus –> behavior terminated stimulus

Question 15

Avoidance

Answer 15

prevents onset of stimulus

Question 16

Escape Contingency

Answer 16

1. establishing operation
2. discriminative stimulus
3. response
4. reinforcer (termination of EO)