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TEC1 - Semester 2 > TEC1 - Semester 2: Pelvic biomechanics > Flashcards

TEC1 - Semester 2: Pelvic biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the pelvis?

A

Sacrum, Coccyx, Ilium, Pubis, Ischium

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2
Q

Describe the structure of the sacrum.

A
  • triangular shaped
  • part of the axial skeleton, but also helps completes pelvic ring
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • articulates with L5 (S) and pelvic bones (L)
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3
Q

What are functions of the sacrum?

A
  • strong foundation for pelvic girdle
  • stable base for spine
  • large area for attachment of muscles and ligaments
  • protection of pelvic contents
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4
Q

What does the sacrum contain?

A
  • encloses sacral canal
  • contains cauda equina + spinal meninges
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5
Q

Describe the structure of the coccyx.

A
  • is remnant of a tail
  • triangular shaoed
  • 3-5 fused vertebrae
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6
Q

Which bones form the “Innominate”?

A

ilium, pubis, ischium

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7
Q

Describe the ilium’s structure.

A
  • fan shaped
  • comprises superior 2/3 of the pelvic bone
  • superior 2/5 of acetabulum
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8
Q

Which landmarks can one find on the ilium?

A

iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS

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9
Q

Describe the structure of the pubis.

A
  • anterior part of pelvic bones
  • has a body and 2 rami (S and I)
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10
Q

Which landmarks can one find on the pubis?

A

pubic tubercle, pubic crest, iliopubic ramus, ischipubic ramus

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the ischium.

A
  • L-shaped
  • has a body and one ramus
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12
Q

Which landmarks can one find on the ischium?

A

body, rami, ischial tuberosity, ischial spine

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13
Q

Describe the acetablulum.

A
  • hemispherical cavity articulating with head of femur
  • directed L, I and A
  • stable joint due to deep concavity
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14
Q

What is the acetabulum formed by?

A

fusion of pubis, ischium and ilium

Pubis: A and I 1/5
Ischium: P and I 2/5
Ilium: remaining 2/5

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvis?

A

tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas, gluteus max. med. & min.

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16
Q

What are the joints of the pelvis?

A

SI-joint, Symphysis pubis, Sacrococcygeal joint

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17
Q

Which joints are functional (=move)?

A

both SI Joints & pubic symphysis

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18
Q

Which types of joints can the SI joint be divided in?

A
  1. Fibrous syndesmotic joint
  2. Synovial plane gliding joint
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19
Q

Describe the fibrous syndesmosis.

A

amphiathrotic sacroiliac ligaments bind the tuberosities of the ilium to the sacrum

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20
Q

Describe the synovial sacroiliac joint.

A

alar surface of sacrum articulates with medial auricular surface of ilium

21
Q

Does the SI joint have a self-locking mechanism?

A

yes

22
Q

What does that mechanism serve for?

A

to reduce weight bearing efforts. helps with stability in push-off phase of gait

23
Q

What is the closed-packed position?

A

= locked position
- maximal contact of articulating surfaces
- joint ligaments and capsule are tight
- no joint play
- very stable position

24
Q

What is the loose-packed position?

A
  • joint surfaces maximally separated
  • joint capsule and ligaments relaxed
  • a lot of joint play
  • resting position
25
Q

Describe the Symphysis pubis joint.

A
  • cartilaginous symphysis joint
  • amphiarthrodial
  • lies between articular surfaces of the pubic bones
  • resists tensile, shearing, compressive forces
26
Q

Describe the Sacrococcygeal joint.

A
  • cartilaginous joint
  • amphiarthrodial
  • slightly movable, but ossifies over time and becomes immovable
  • between apex of surface and base of coccyx
27
Q

What are the primary ligaments of the SIJ?

A

interosseous, posterior and anterior SI

28
Q

Describe the interosseous sacroiliac ligament.

A
  • connects posterior sacral auricular surface to the iliac tuberosity
  • resists anterior and inferior motion of sacrum
  • one of the strongest ligaments in the body
29
Q

Describe the Posterior SI ligament.

A
  • posterior to interosseous ligament
  • stabilizes SIJ
  • resists excessive counternutation
30
Q

Describe the anterior SI ligament.

A
  • strengthens anterior part of capsule/joint
  • resists excessive nutation
31
Q

What are the secondary ligaments of the SIJ?

A

iliolumbar, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament

32
Q

Describe the iliolumbar ligament.

A
  • between iliac crest and TP of L5 (sometimes also L4)
  • prevents anterior translation and excessive rotation of L5
33
Q

Describe the sacrospinous ligament.

A
  • between the lateral margin of lower sacral half and coccyx and the spine of the ischium
  • anterior to sacrotuberous ligament
  • resists sacral nutation during weight bearing
34
Q

Describe the sacrotuberous ligament.

A
  • proximal attachment: PSIS, PIIS, lower 1/2 of sacrum, lower 1/2 of sacral crest and coccyx
  • distal attachment: ischial tuberosity
  • stabilize sacral nutation and resist counternutation during weight bearing
35
Q

What are the ligament of the symphysis pubis?

A

superior, inferior, anterior and posterior pubic ligament

36
Q

What is the function of these ligaments?

A

to stabilize the pubic joint

37
Q

What are the coccygeal ligaments?

A

anterior & posterior ligament, 3 lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments

38
Q

What is the anterior ligament an extension of?

A

the ALL

39
Q

What is the posterior ligament an extension of?

A

the PLL and ligamentum flavum

40
Q

Describe the Sacrococcygeal ligaments

A

from lateral angles of sacrum to TP of coccyx

41
Q

Which function do the ligaments perform?

A

stabilize the sacrococcygeal joint

42
Q

What are the sacral motions?

A

nutation, counternutation and rotation

43
Q

What happens in sacral nutation?

A

sacral base tilts anterior/inferior;
sacral apex moves posterior/superior

44
Q

What happens in sacral counternutation?

A

sacral base tilts posterior/superior;
sacral apex moves anterior/inferior

45
Q

Sacral rotation occurs along an oblique axis of rotation. Where is the right/left oblique axis?

A

Right: from right anterior base to left lower sacrum
Left: from left anterior base to right lower sacrum

46
Q

what happens to the sacrum if the trunk laterally flexes?

A

torsion around ipsilateral oblique axis

(right lateral flexion = ROA; left lateral flexion = LOA)

47
Q

what happens to the sacrum if the trunk rotates?

A

sacral torsion around contralateral axis

48
Q

Which movements of the pelvis/innominates are possible?

A

anterior, posterior & lateral tilt, rotation

TEC1 - Semester 2 (7 decks)

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