TEC1 - Semester 2: Intro to Adjustments Flashcards
What is the WHOs definition of chiropractic?
- Health Care Profession concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders of the neuromusculoskeletal system the effects of these disorders on general health
- emphasis on manual techniques, including “spinal manipulation and/
or joint adjustments”
What is the WFCs definition of chiropractic?
- Health Profession concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, and the
effects of these disorders on the function of the nervous system and general
health - emphasis on manual treatments including, “spinal adjustments or
adjustment”
What is the ECUs definition of chiropractic?
- primary contact health care profession with its own unique principles and practice
- includes diagnosis and management
- focuses upon the relationship between structure (primarily the spine) and function (primarily via nervous system)
What is the WHOs definition of subluxation?
“A lesion or dysfunction in a joint or motion segment, in which alignment,
movement integrity and/or physiological function are altered, although contact
between joint surfaces remains intact.¨
What is the ACCs definition of subluxation?
A complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ systems and function
and general health.
What is the difference between a medical and chiropractic subluxation?
Medical: refers to hypermobility associated with instability resulting from loss of integrity between joint capsules (Luxation: complete dislocation; Subluxation: partial dislocation)
Chiropractic: refers to hypomobility with no loss of stability
What is the BCCs definition of subluxation?
- A change in the position or motion of the spinal segment,
- has neurological impact
- results in interference to the communication of Innate Intelligence
with the body - impacts adaptability and causes dis-eas
What are Mechanoreceptors?
mechanical deformation of the receptor gives the sense of touch, including pressure and vibration
What are Proprioceptors?
mechanical deformation of the receptor located in a joint capsule, tendon, or muscle gives a sense of movement
What are Nociceptors?
sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue
What is the Corticospinal tract?
major neuronal pathway providing voluntary motor commands to the body
Which are the components of a vertebral subluxation?
Kinesiopathology, Myopathology, Neuropathology, Histopathology, Pathophysiology
What is Kinesiopathology?
loss of normal vertebral positioning and motion in relation to neighboring vertebrae
What is Myopathology?
pathological changes occurring in the spinal musculature which include hypertonicity, spasming, fibrosis, weakness and improper or inappropriate functioning
What is Neuropathology?
irritation or injury to spinal nerve roots through compression, stretch or more commonly chemical irritation from nearby spinal structures
What is Histopathology?
pathological changes which occur to the spinal tissues such as abnormal bony growths off the vertebral bodies and joints, fibrosis and adhesions of spinal muscles and ligaments, as well as dehydration and degeneration of spinal discs
What is Pathophysiology?
biochemical changes taking place in the spinal region which include inflammatory biochemicals from injured tissues and biochemical waste products
How do chiro’s evaluate Kinesiopathology?
motion palpation examination
of the spine
How do chiro’s evaluate Histopathology?
xrays, blood tests or MRI
How do chiro’s evaluate Myopathology?
palpation, visualization, ROM, MMT, surface EMG
How do chiro’s evaluate Neuropathology?
reflexes, dermatome testing, thermography
How do chiro’s evaluate Pathophysiology?
checking organ dysfunction
What is a chiropractic adjustment?
- applying a force/thrust (by hand or with device) to a joint or vertebral segment with abnormal movement patterns or deemed to have improper alignment
- applies at varying speeds or amplitudes depending on joint, technique used, size and age of patient
Which direction are chiropractic adjustments applied to?
- direction of restricted movement
- opposite direction of identified malposition
What is the objective of chiropractic adjustments?
- remove subluxations
- remove nerve interference
- restore proper mechanoception, proprioception and nociception
What are benefits of chiropractic adjustments?
- increased ROM
- reduction of pain, nerve irritability and inflammation
- resets muscle tone and balance
- improve overall body function
What is the difference between a Restriction and Mal-Position listing?
Restriction: vertebra is not moving in a specific direction (Flexion/Extension restriction etc.). A hard end feel is palpated
Mal-Position: assumes vertebra is stuck in an abnormal position (e.g. if a vertebra is stuck in flexion, it cant extend)
Can a vertebra be restricted and NOT be mal-positioned?
YES. when it is stuck in neutral
Name 7 neurological impacts chiropractic adjustments have
- reset mechanoreception & proprioception sensors
- reduce nociceptor sensitivity
- help restore alignment and movement
- reset ligament length
- correct muscle tone and balance
- reduce inflammation
- restore proper blood flow
Name the components of adjustments
- Patient setup
- Patient contact
- Preload tension and direction
- Skin slack
- LOD
- Amplitude of thrust
- Speed of thrust
- Non adjustment hand – support
What are the types of thrusts?
- adjustive thrust
- recoil thrust
- impulse thrust
- nonpause thrust
- pause thrust
- MAT thrust
What is an adjustive thrust?
application of a controlled directional force delivery
What is a recoil thrust?
- HVLA ballistic force
- delivery of an active thrust coupled with a passive recoil
- rapid elbow extension and shoulder adduction, followed by a passive elbow flexion
- thrust induced by contracting pectoral extensor muscles of elbow
- recoil induced by cessation of thrust and elastic rebound resulting from impart with patient and stretch of doctor’s arms
What is an impulse thrust?
- HVLA force
- minimized normal elastic recoil occuring after quick cessation of active thrust
- accomplished by maintaining mild pressure and contact with surface for short time after thrust
What is a nonpause thrust?
- slack removal, thrust delivery by accelerating and thrusting at point of appropriate tension
What is a pause thrust?
- assessment of degree of established joint tension and tissue resistance before thrustung
What is a MAT thrust (mechanical assisted thrust techniques)?
- incorporate a component of mechanical assistance
- assisting mechanical forces are provided by non-motorized or motorized articulating adjustive tables
