TEC1 - Semester 2: Intro to Adjustments

Question 1

What is the WHOs definition of chiropractic?

Answer 1

• Health Care Profession concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders of the neuromusculoskeletal system the effects of these disorders on general health
• emphasis on manual techniques, including “spinal manipulation and/
  or joint adjustments”

Question 2

What is the WFCs definition of chiropractic?

Answer 2

• Health Profession concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and
  prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, and the
  effects of these disorders on the function of the nervous system and general
  health
• emphasis on manual treatments including, “spinal adjustments or
  adjustment”

Question 3

What is the ECUs definition of chiropractic?

Answer 3

• primary contact health care profession with its own unique principles and practice
• includes diagnosis and management
• focuses upon the relationship between structure (primarily the spine) and function (primarily via nervous system)

Question 4

What is the WHOs definition of subluxation?

Answer 4

“A lesion or dysfunction in a joint or motion segment, in which alignment,
movement integrity and/or physiological function are altered, although contact
between joint surfaces remains intact.¨

Question 5

What is the ACCs definition of subluxation?

Answer 5

A complex of functional and/or structural and/or pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ systems and function
and general health.

Question 6

What is the difference between a medical and chiropractic subluxation?

Answer 6

Medical: refers to hypermobility associated with instability resulting from loss of integrity between joint capsules (Luxation: complete dislocation; Subluxation: partial dislocation)

Chiropractic: refers to hypomobility with no loss of stability

Question 7

What is the BCCs definition of subluxation?

Answer 7

• A change in the position or motion of the spinal segment,
• has neurological impact
• results in interference to the communication of Innate Intelligence
  with the body
• impacts adaptability and causes dis-eas

Question 8

What are Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 8

mechanical deformation of the receptor gives the sense of touch, including pressure and vibration

Question 9

What are Proprioceptors?

Answer 9

mechanical deformation of the receptor located in a joint capsule, tendon, or muscle gives a sense of movement

Question 10

What are Nociceptors?

Answer 10

sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue

Question 11

What is the Corticospinal tract?

Answer 11

major neuronal pathway providing voluntary motor commands to the body

Question 12

Which are the components of a vertebral subluxation?

Answer 12

Kinesiopathology, Myopathology, Neuropathology, Histopathology, Pathophysiology

Question 13

What is Kinesiopathology?

Answer 13

loss of normal vertebral positioning and motion in relation to neighboring vertebrae

Question 14

What is Myopathology?

Answer 14

pathological changes occurring in the spinal musculature which include hypertonicity, spasming, fibrosis, weakness and improper or inappropriate functioning

Question 15

What is Neuropathology?

Answer 15

irritation or injury to spinal nerve roots through compression, stretch or more commonly chemical irritation from nearby spinal structures

Question 16

What is Histopathology?

Answer 16

pathological changes which occur to the spinal tissues such as abnormal bony growths off the vertebral bodies and joints, fibrosis and adhesions of spinal muscles and ligaments, as well as dehydration and degeneration of spinal discs

Question 17

What is Pathophysiology?

Answer 17

biochemical changes taking place in the spinal region which include inflammatory biochemicals from injured tissues and biochemical waste products

Question 18

How do chiro’s evaluate Kinesiopathology?

Answer 18

motion palpation examination
of the spine

Question 19

How do chiro’s evaluate Histopathology?

Answer 19

xrays, blood tests or MRI

Question 20

How do chiro’s evaluate Myopathology?

Answer 20

palpation, visualization, ROM, MMT, surface EMG

Question 21

How do chiro’s evaluate Neuropathology?

Answer 21

reflexes, dermatome testing, thermography

Question 22

How do chiro’s evaluate Pathophysiology?

Answer 22

checking organ dysfunction

Question 23

What is a chiropractic adjustment?

Answer 23

• applying a force/thrust (by hand or with device) to a joint or vertebral segment with abnormal movement patterns or deemed to have improper alignment
• applies at varying speeds or amplitudes depending on joint, technique used, size and age of patient

Question 24

Which direction are chiropractic adjustments applied to?

Answer 24

1. direction of restricted movement
2. opposite direction of identified malposition

Question 25

What is the objective of chiropractic adjustments?

Answer 25

• remove subluxations
• remove nerve interference
• restore proper mechanoception, proprioception and nociception

Question 26

What are benefits of chiropractic adjustments?

Answer 26

• increased ROM
• reduction of pain, nerve irritability and inflammation
• resets muscle tone and balance
• improve overall body function

Question 27

What is the difference between a Restriction and Mal-Position listing?

Answer 27

Restriction: vertebra is not moving in a specific direction (Flexion/Extension restriction etc.). A hard end feel is palpated

Mal-Position: assumes vertebra is stuck in an abnormal position (e.g. if a vertebra is stuck in flexion, it cant extend)

Question 28

Can a vertebra be restricted and NOT be mal-positioned?

Answer 28

YES. when it is stuck in neutral

Question 29

Name 7 neurological impacts chiropractic adjustments have

Answer 29

1. reset mechanoreception & proprioception sensors
2. reduce nociceptor sensitivity
3. help restore alignment and movement
4. reset ligament length
5. correct muscle tone and balance
6. reduce inflammation
7. restore proper blood flow

Question 30

Name the components of adjustments

Answer 30

• Patient setup
• Patient contact
• Preload tension and direction
• Skin slack
• LOD
• Amplitude of thrust
• Speed of thrust
• Non adjustment hand – support

Question 31

What are the types of thrusts?

Answer 31

1. adjustive thrust
2. recoil thrust
3. impulse thrust
4. nonpause thrust
5. pause thrust
6. MAT thrust

Question 32

What is an adjustive thrust?

Answer 32

application of a controlled directional force delivery

Question 33

What is a recoil thrust?

Answer 33

• HVLA ballistic force
• delivery of an active thrust coupled with a passive recoil
• rapid elbow extension and shoulder adduction, followed by a passive elbow flexion
• thrust induced by contracting pectoral extensor muscles of elbow
• recoil induced by cessation of thrust and elastic rebound resulting from impart with patient and stretch of doctor’s arms

Question 34

What is an impulse thrust?

Answer 34

• HVLA force
• minimized normal elastic recoil occuring after quick cessation of active thrust
• accomplished by maintaining mild pressure and contact with surface for short time after thrust

Question 35

What is a nonpause thrust?

Answer 35

• slack removal, thrust delivery by accelerating and thrusting at point of appropriate tension

Question 36

What is a pause thrust?

Answer 36

• assessment of degree of established joint tension and tissue resistance before thrustung

Question 37

What is a MAT thrust (mechanical assisted thrust techniques)?

Answer 37

• incorporate a component of mechanical assistance
• assisting mechanical forces are provided by non-motorized or motorized articulating adjustive tables