TEC1 - Semester 2: MMT Flashcards

1
Q

Name functions of muscular tissue.

A
  1. producing body movements
  2. stabilizing body positions
  3. moving substances within body
  4. generating heat
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2
Q

Name the properties that enable muscular tissue to perform these functions.

A
  1. Exitability (ability to respond to stimuli)
  2. Contractility (ability to contract after stimulation)
  3. Extensibility (ability to stretch without being damaged)
  4. Elasticity (ability to return to original length)
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3
Q

What are the different types of muscle contraction?

A

concentric, static/isometric, eccentric

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4
Q

Describe concentric contraction.

A
  • length of muscle shortens
  • muscle force greater than resistance
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5
Q

Describe static/isometric contraction.

A
  • muscle length doesnt change
  • muscle force equal to resistance
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6
Q

Describe eccentric contraction.

A
  • muscle lengthens
  • muscle force less than resistance
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7
Q

What is an agonist?

A

the prime mover. muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing movement

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8
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

muscle whose action opposes a particular agonist (biceps-triceps)

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9
Q

What is a synergist?

A

muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

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10
Q

What is a fixator?

A

synergists that assist by preventing movement at other joints

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11
Q

What might cause muscle weakness?

A

injury, neural connection, protective spasm, antagonist is tight or shortened, pain, fear of pain

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12
Q

What is MMT?

A
  • process to evaluate strength of individual muscle or muscle groups in relation to gravity and/or manual resistance
  • assesses muscle dysfunction and patient’s progress during therapy
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13
Q

What do the numbers in an MMT scale stand for?

A

0 = no visible or palpable contraction
1 = flicker of contraction
2 = full ROM, gravity eliminated
3 = full ROM against gravity
4 = full ROM against gravity and with moderate resistance (little give)
5 = full ROM against gravity and with maximum resistance (no give)

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14
Q

What do the different grades indicate?

A

0: complete paralysis
1: severe paresis
2: moderate to severe paresis
3: moderate paresis/weakness
4: mild paresis. muscle resists but has slight give
5: normal muscle function. no give

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15
Q

What does a weak muscle WITHOUT pain suggest?

A

neurological damage or rupture of muscle or tendon

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16
Q

What does a weak muscle WITH pain suggest?

A

strained muscle or tendon. Or the test stretches irritated nerve or compresses inflamed joint

17
Q

Where should the distal and proximal hand be placed in MMT?

A

proximal: origin of muscle and proximal joint to give stabilization
distal: offering resistance or assistance

18
Q

What are the actions of gluteus maximus?

A
  • extension of thigh at hip
  • lateral rotation of thigh
  • upper fibers: abduction of thigh; lower fibers: adduction
19
Q

What are the actions of gluteus medius?

A
  • abduction of thigh at hip joint
  • anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of thigh
  • posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation
  • stabilizes pelvis
20
Q

What are the actions of gluteus minimus?

A

same as gluteus medius

21
Q

What are the actions of piriformis?

A
  • lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
  • abduction of flexed thigh
22
Q

What are the actions of iliopsoas?

A
  • at hip: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
  • at spinal joints: flexion and lateral flexion of trunk
23
Q

What are the actions of QL?

A
  • elevation of pelvis
  • lateral flexion of trunk
  • depression of 12th rib
24
Q

Actions of rectus abdominis?

A
  • flexion of trunk
  • posterior pelvic tilt
  • compression/stabilization of abdomen
25
Q

Actions of abdominal obliques?

A
  • flexion, lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
  • posterior pelvic tilt
26
Q

Actions of transversus abdominis?

A

compression/stabilization of abdomen

27
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi?

A
  • adduction, medial rotation and extension of humerus
  • elevation of pelvis
  • depression and downward rotation of scapula
28
Q

Actions of erector spinae?

A
  • bilateral: extension of spine
  • unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of spine + head
29
Q

Actions of rhomboids?

A
  • retraction of scapula
  • elevation and downward rotation of scapula
30
Q

Actions of trapezius?

A
  • upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of scapula
  • middle fibers: retraction of scapula
  • lower fibers: downward rotation of scapula
31
Q

Actions of levator scapula?

A
  • elevation of scapula
  • extension and lateral flexion of neck
32
Q

Actions of splenius?

A
  • bilateral: extension of head and neck
  • unilateral: ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of head and neck
33
Q

Actions of scalenes?

A
  • flexion and lateral flexion of neck
  • slight rotation of neck
  • elevation of ribs (if neck stabilized)
34
Q

Actions of SCM?

A
  • unilateral: contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • bilateral: neck flexion
35
Q

Actions of deltoid?

A
  • anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of arm
  • middle fibers: abduction of arm
  • posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation
36
Q

Actions of supraspinatus?

A
  • abduction of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint
37
Q

Actions of infraspinatus and teres minor?

A
  • lateral rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint
38
Q

Actions of subscapularis?

A
  • medial rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint
39
Q

Actions of teres major?

A
  • medial rotation and adduction of arm
  • extension of arm from flexed position