TEC1 - Semester 2: MMT

Question 1

Name functions of muscular tissue.

Answer 1

1. producing body movements
2. stabilizing body positions
3. moving substances within body
4. generating heat

Question 2

Name the properties that enable muscular tissue to perform these functions.

Answer 2

1. Exitability (ability to respond to stimuli)
2. Contractility (ability to contract after stimulation)
3. Extensibility (ability to stretch without being damaged)
4. Elasticity (ability to return to original length)

Question 3

What are the different types of muscle contraction?

Answer 3

concentric, static/isometric, eccentric

Question 4

Describe concentric contraction.

Answer 4

• length of muscle shortens
• muscle force greater than resistance

Question 5

Describe static/isometric contraction.

Answer 5

• muscle length doesnt change
• muscle force equal to resistance

Question 6

Describe eccentric contraction.

Answer 6

• muscle lengthens
• muscle force less than resistance

Question 7

What is an agonist?

Answer 7

the prime mover. muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing movement

Question 8

What is an antagonist?

Answer 8

muscle whose action opposes a particular agonist (biceps-triceps)

Question 9

What is a synergist?

Answer 9

muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

Question 10

What is a fixator?

Answer 10

synergists that assist by preventing movement at other joints

Question 11

What might cause muscle weakness?

Answer 11

injury, neural connection, protective spasm, antagonist is tight or shortened, pain, fear of pain

Question 12

What is MMT?

Answer 12

• process to evaluate strength of individual muscle or muscle groups in relation to gravity and/or manual resistance
• assesses muscle dysfunction and patient’s progress during therapy

Question 13

What do the numbers in an MMT scale stand for?

Answer 13

0 = no visible or palpable contraction
1 = flicker of contraction
2 = full ROM, gravity eliminated
3 = full ROM against gravity
4 = full ROM against gravity and with moderate resistance (little give)
5 = full ROM against gravity and with maximum resistance (no give)

Question 14

What do the different grades indicate?

Answer 14

0: complete paralysis
1: severe paresis
2: moderate to severe paresis
3: moderate paresis/weakness
4: mild paresis. muscle resists but has slight give
5: normal muscle function. no give

Question 15

What does a weak muscle WITHOUT pain suggest?

Answer 15

neurological damage or rupture of muscle or tendon

Question 16

What does a weak muscle WITH pain suggest?

Answer 16

strained muscle or tendon. Or the test stretches irritated nerve or compresses inflamed joint

Question 17

Where should the distal and proximal hand be placed in MMT?

Answer 17

proximal: origin of muscle and proximal joint to give stabilization
distal: offering resistance or assistance

Question 18

What are the actions of gluteus maximus?

Answer 18

• extension of thigh at hip
• lateral rotation of thigh
• upper fibers: abduction of thigh; lower fibers: adduction

Question 19

What are the actions of gluteus medius?

Answer 19

• abduction of thigh at hip joint
• anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of thigh
• posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation
• stabilizes pelvis

Question 20

What are the actions of gluteus minimus?

Answer 20

same as gluteus medius

Question 21

What are the actions of piriformis?

Answer 21

• lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
• abduction of flexed thigh

Question 22

What are the actions of iliopsoas?

Answer 22

• at hip: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
• at spinal joints: flexion and lateral flexion of trunk

Question 23

What are the actions of QL?

Answer 23

• elevation of pelvis
• lateral flexion of trunk
• depression of 12th rib

Question 24

Actions of rectus abdominis?

Answer 24

• flexion of trunk
• posterior pelvic tilt
• compression/stabilization of abdomen

Question 25

Actions of abdominal obliques?

Answer 25

• flexion, lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
• posterior pelvic tilt

Question 26

Actions of transversus abdominis?

Answer 26

compression/stabilization of abdomen

Question 27

Actions of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 27

• adduction, medial rotation and extension of humerus
• elevation of pelvis
• depression and downward rotation of scapula

Question 28

Actions of erector spinae?

Answer 28

• bilateral: extension of spine
• unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of spine + head

Question 29

Actions of rhomboids?

Answer 29

• retraction of scapula
• elevation and downward rotation of scapula

Question 30

Actions of trapezius?

Answer 30

• upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of scapula
• middle fibers: retraction of scapula
• lower fibers: downward rotation of scapula

Question 31

Actions of levator scapula?

Answer 31

• elevation of scapula
• extension and lateral flexion of neck

Question 32

Actions of splenius?

Answer 32

• bilateral: extension of head and neck
• unilateral: ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of head and neck

Question 33

Actions of scalenes?

Answer 33

• flexion and lateral flexion of neck
• slight rotation of neck
• elevation of ribs (if neck stabilized)

Question 34

Actions of SCM?

Answer 34

• unilateral: contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion
• bilateral: neck flexion

Question 35

Actions of deltoid?

Answer 35

• anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of arm
• middle fibers: abduction of arm
• posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation

Question 36

Actions of supraspinatus?

Answer 36

• abduction of arm
• stabilization of glenohumeral joint

Question 37

Actions of infraspinatus and teres minor?

Answer 37

• lateral rotation of arm
• stabilization of glenohumeral joint

Question 38

Actions of subscapularis?

Answer 38

• medial rotation of arm
• stabilization of glenohumeral joint

Question 39

Actions of teres major?

Answer 39

• medial rotation and adduction of arm
• extension of arm from flexed position