TEC1 - Semester 2: MMT Flashcards
Name functions of muscular tissue.
- producing body movements
- stabilizing body positions
- moving substances within body
- generating heat
Name the properties that enable muscular tissue to perform these functions.
- Exitability (ability to respond to stimuli)
- Contractility (ability to contract after stimulation)
- Extensibility (ability to stretch without being damaged)
- Elasticity (ability to return to original length)
What are the different types of muscle contraction?
concentric, static/isometric, eccentric
Describe concentric contraction.
- length of muscle shortens
- muscle force greater than resistance
Describe static/isometric contraction.
- muscle length doesnt change
- muscle force equal to resistance
Describe eccentric contraction.
- muscle lengthens
- muscle force less than resistance
What is an agonist?
the prime mover. muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing movement
What is an antagonist?
muscle whose action opposes a particular agonist (biceps-triceps)
What is a synergist?
muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently
What is a fixator?
synergists that assist by preventing movement at other joints
What might cause muscle weakness?
injury, neural connection, protective spasm, antagonist is tight or shortened, pain, fear of pain
What is MMT?
- process to evaluate strength of individual muscle or muscle groups in relation to gravity and/or manual resistance
- assesses muscle dysfunction and patient’s progress during therapy
What do the numbers in an MMT scale stand for?
0 = no visible or palpable contraction
1 = flicker of contraction
2 = full ROM, gravity eliminated
3 = full ROM against gravity
4 = full ROM against gravity and with moderate resistance (little give)
5 = full ROM against gravity and with maximum resistance (no give)
What do the different grades indicate?
0: complete paralysis
1: severe paresis
2: moderate to severe paresis
3: moderate paresis/weakness
4: mild paresis. muscle resists but has slight give
5: normal muscle function. no give
What does a weak muscle WITHOUT pain suggest?
neurological damage or rupture of muscle or tendon
What does a weak muscle WITH pain suggest?
strained muscle or tendon. Or the test stretches irritated nerve or compresses inflamed joint
Where should the distal and proximal hand be placed in MMT?
proximal: origin of muscle and proximal joint to give stabilization
distal: offering resistance or assistance
What are the actions of gluteus maximus?
- extension of thigh at hip
- lateral rotation of thigh
- upper fibers: abduction of thigh; lower fibers: adduction
What are the actions of gluteus medius?
- abduction of thigh at hip joint
- anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of thigh
- posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation
- stabilizes pelvis
What are the actions of gluteus minimus?
same as gluteus medius
What are the actions of piriformis?
- lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
- abduction of flexed thigh
What are the actions of iliopsoas?
- at hip: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
- at spinal joints: flexion and lateral flexion of trunk
What are the actions of QL?
- elevation of pelvis
- lateral flexion of trunk
- depression of 12th rib
Actions of rectus abdominis?
- flexion of trunk
- posterior pelvic tilt
- compression/stabilization of abdomen
Actions of abdominal obliques?
- flexion, lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
- posterior pelvic tilt
Actions of transversus abdominis?
compression/stabilization of abdomen
Actions of latissimus dorsi?
- adduction, medial rotation and extension of humerus
- elevation of pelvis
- depression and downward rotation of scapula
Actions of erector spinae?
- bilateral: extension of spine
- unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of spine + head
Actions of rhomboids?
- retraction of scapula
- elevation and downward rotation of scapula
Actions of trapezius?
- upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of scapula
- middle fibers: retraction of scapula
- lower fibers: downward rotation of scapula
Actions of levator scapula?
- elevation of scapula
- extension and lateral flexion of neck
Actions of splenius?
- bilateral: extension of head and neck
- unilateral: ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of head and neck
Actions of scalenes?
- flexion and lateral flexion of neck
- slight rotation of neck
- elevation of ribs (if neck stabilized)
Actions of SCM?
- unilateral: contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion
- bilateral: neck flexion
Actions of deltoid?
- anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of arm
- middle fibers: abduction of arm
- posterior fibers: extension and lateral rotation
Actions of supraspinatus?
- abduction of arm
- stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Actions of infraspinatus and teres minor?
- lateral rotation of arm
- stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Actions of subscapularis?
- medial rotation of arm
- stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Actions of teres major?
- medial rotation and adduction of arm
- extension of arm from flexed position
