Teat and Udder

Question 1

Lacerations of the teat should be treated as____, and first intention repair should be attempted under ___ in _____ or ____ recumbency.

Answer 1

emergency
sedation
lateral or dorsal

Question 2

Hand milking should be prohibited for __days postoperatively after laceration repair; prognosis is overall good.

Answer 2

10

Question 3

allows an excellent understanding of the internal lesions and should be performed before planning any elective surgery.

Answer 3

utz

Question 4

situated at the internal end of the streak canal serving as barrier for pathogens

Answer 4

rosette of Furstenberg

Question 5

Milk outflow impairment originating from the rosette of Fu ̈ rstenberg or the streak canal is best treated using minimally invasive surgery ___

Answer 5

theloscopy

Question 6

known as the large lactiferous sinus

Answer 6

gland cistern

Question 7

The most distal barrier to the teat is the

Answer 7

streak canal

Question 8

Blood is supplied to the udder primarily by what BV

Answer 8

ext pundendal artery

Question 9

how many layers is the teat wall?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

the teat mucosa ends at the

Answer 10

rosette of Fu ̈ rstenberg.

Question 11

is an invagination of the teat skin and is composed of a stratified squamous epithelium in which the stratum corneum produces keratin.

Answer 11

streak canal (ductus papillaris mammae)

Question 12

netlike integrated elastic system containing smooth muscular fibers at the level of the streak canal

Answer 12

sphincter

Question 13

dx tool that will allow the clinician to determine whether a portion of the teat and udder is inflamed, fibrotic, and/or painful.

Answer 13

manual palpation

Question 14

it is more beneficial to first perform an___ examination rather than to blindly try to force a cannula into the streak canal to avoid iatrogenic damage to the teat

Answer 14

ultrasound

Question 15

is the first complementary technique that should be performed to further evaluate teat disorders

Answer 15

utz

Question 16

From the skin to the teat cistern, echogenicity will appear as follows:
Skin: ___
Muscular and conjunctive layer: ___
Vessels: ___
Submucosa and mucosa: ___
Milk: the milk appears more ___ as the somatic cell count increases

Answer 16

From the skin to the teat cistern, echogenicity will appear as follows:
Skin: hyperechoic
Muscular and conjunctive layer: homogenous and mildly echoic
Vessels: hypoechoic
Submucosa and mucosa: hyperechoic
Milk: variable; the milk appears more hyperechoic as the somatic cell count inc

Question 17

other dx tool for diagnosing teat or mg ISSUES

Answer 17

xray

Question 18

Standing surgery can be performed for major proce- dures such as blind opening of the streak canal.

Answer 18

minor

Question 19

xyla dose

Answer 19

0.1 IV
0.2 IM

Question 20

Laceration of the teat is a surgical emer- gency,

Answer 20

true

Question 21

antibiotic reco for teat laceration

Answer 21

procaine penicillin

Question 22

For vertical laceration, the mucosa is sutured using a ___ with a _-mm bite interval.

Answer 22

continuous suture pattern
3

Question 23

For transverse lacerations, the mucosa is sutured with a __ ,
__ mm interval to prevent any stenosis at the suture level

Answer 23

simple interrupted suture pattern
3

Question 24

why is there 3mm interval per bite

Answer 24

ensure healing

Question 25

in suturing submucosa and assoc CT, bite intervals could reach

Answer 25

5mm

Question 26

possible skin suture patterns

Answer 26

simple, cruciate, horizontal mattress, angle suture

Question 27

was determined to be an inappropriate choice of suture material for teat surgery,

Answer 27

Poliglecaprone

Question 28

If the laceration involves the streak (papillary) canal, reconstruction must be started proximally to ensure a perfect anatomic reconstruction of the region.

Answer 28

distally

Question 29

Insertion of a silicone teat in the streak canal is advised to avoid ___.

Answer 29

stenosis

Question 30

Mechanical milking is carried out on the day after surgery.

Answer 30

t

Question 31

The author recommends removal of any nonabsorbable skin sutures __ days postop- eratively to limit the formation of fibrosis in the tissue.

Answer 31

8

Question 32

is the diagnostic imaging procedure of choice to determine if milk is present in the udder cistern or not

Answer 32

utz

Question 33

remain undetected until after the first calving because they are intimately attached to the main teat and appear as Siamese teats

Answer 33

Conjoined supernumerary teats

Question 34

appears as a bulge caudally to the normal teat.

Answer 34

supernumer- ary teat

Question 35

anesthesia protocol for conjoined supernumerary test

Answer 35

ring block

Question 36

used as a stent to maintain an appropriate teat cistern diameter during re-epithelialization

Answer 36

silicone prosthesis

Question 37

2 most common complications of silicone prosthesis

Answer 37

migration during milking
exuberant granulation tissue –>recurrence

Question 38

Fu ̈rstenberg are best trimmed using an -__ cutter under direct visualization

Answer 38

Eisenhut

Question 39

presence of polyps and lactoliths in the lumen of the teat is icommon

Answer 39

infrequent

Question 40

most common indication of radical mastectomy in cattle.

Answer 40

Acute gangrenous
chronic unresponsive mastitis

Question 41

2 mastectomy techniques

Answer 41

en-bloc resec- tion of the udder, and more recently, physiologic mastectomy.

Question 42

Bvs need to be ligated during mastectomy

Answer 42

external pudendal artery and vein
mammary vein
ventral perineal artery and vein