Respiratory DZ Flashcards
is a common clinical sign of upper airway obstruction.
inspiratory dyspnea
dz tool to help localize obstruction in the upper airway
nasal endoscopy
can cause severe head and neck cellulitis, causing dysphagia and dyspnea.
pharyngeal trauma
Mandibular fractures are more frequent in ___ and can be repaired with an ____ when it involves the ___ mandible.
Mandibular fractures are more frequent in calves and can be repaired with an intraoral splint when it involves the rostral mandible.
upper airway obstruction is accompanied by this
the characteristic
inspiratory stridor
dz tool that can also be used to detect pneumonia in calves.
CT
allows evaluation of the larynx and oropharynx.
oral palpation
The hand of the examiner is placed in a horizantal orientation to pass between the cheek teeth. It is then placed in a vertical position to palpate the larynx.
vertical
horizantal
A scope _ mm in diameter and _ m long is used and allows evaluation of the nasopharynx, lar- ynx, and proximal trachea
9,1
all structures are seen dueing nasal endoscopy except
nasal dorsal meatus, the nasal septum, the pharyngeal septum, the opening of the eustachian tube, the epiglottis, the soft palate, hard palate, the arytenoids, and the vocal cords
nasal dorsal dapat ventral
hard palate dapat soft
During the endoscopy, the soft palate is frequently dorsally displaced affecting the ani- mal.
f. not affected
Black pigmentation is normally found in what breed of cattle
jersey
can be useful in finding disorders involving the sinuses, skull bone, and soft tissue surrounding the upper airway
Radiography and tomodensitometry (CT scan)
also been used to evaluate the soft tissue of the neck and lar- ynx.
utz
In animals with severe inspiratory distress, emergency drugs to decrease swelling and edema should be given on presentation like
If the distress persists, a ___ is performed and a temporary trache- ostomy tube is inserted before the diagnostic work-up.
furosemide
tracheotomy
anesthesia for tracheotomy and temp tracheostomy
line block
location of Tracheotomy and Temporary Tracheostomy Tube Placement
ventral midline at the junction of the cranial and middle third of the neck
tool used to expose tracheal rings
weitlaner retractor
In calves, half the width of the rings surrounding the incised ligament can be excised with a ___ scissor, which eases the insertion of the tracheostomy tube.
Mayo curved
closing suture pattern and material for tracheotomy
NA and cruciate
alternative to silicone tracheostomy tube
self-retaining steel canula
milk jug handle
sedation is always necessary in dx procedures
f.
- In healthy cattle anesthetized with ___, it is common to hear snoring sounds caused by the soft palate vibrating when the animal breathes out
ketamine
Regional anesthesia is possible for the lips and the nares by blocking the ___ nerve (branch of the maxillary nerve) as it comes out of the infraorbital foramen.
infraorbital
where is peterson block inoculated
foramen orbit rotundum
absence of tracheotomy tube may risk respiratory collapse
t
nasal bone fractures are common in cattle
uncommon
anesthesia for nasal bone fractures
local block or GA
what pin is inserted into drill fragment in nasal bone
steinmann pin
the __ keeps the fragment in place. in nasal bone fracture
periosteum
- However, if the fracture remains unstable, sutures (__ or ___) can be placed through small drill holes in the fragment and the intact bone
monofilament stainless steel or polydioxanone
All fractures involving the sinuses or the nasal cavity are considered open.
t
mandibular fractures are uncommon in cattle
common in calves
predisposing factor of mandibular fracture in calves
improper use of chains during calving
ideal material for mandibular fractures in xalves
Oral splint combined with cerclage wire due to soft bones of calves
splint material for mandibular fractyres
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
An endothermic reaction occurs when the acrylic is prepared, so it must be allowed to cure out of the mouth to avoid burning the oral mucosa.
exothe
wires are used to attach the plate to the mandible.
cerclage
- Through a 14-gauge needle, the wires are passed from ___ to ____.
outside in (labial side)
inside out (lingual side)
- Ideally, _wires per side are passed caudal to the fracture.
2
caudal wire knot position: ___
rostral wire knot position: __
caudal wire knot position: ventral to SC
rostral wire knot position: labial side of mandible
- Gum discoloration is normal post-op
t
