Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants Flashcards
The globe, conjunctiva, nictitating membrane, and most of the eyelids are supplied by the
ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
The extraocular muscles of the eye are innervated by the
trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, and the oculomotor nerve.
The eyelids are innervated by the
auriculopalpebral n.
this block may be used for the repair of nasal lacerations and the placement of a nose ring for cattle
infraorbital nerve block
The infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the maxillary branch of the __ cranial nerve after it enters the infraorbital canal. this is covered by __ muscle
5th
levator nasolabialis muscle
how many mL can be deposited in the levator nasolabialis muscle. what needle G?
20-30
18G
Anesthesia of the eye and orbit and immobilization of the globe that is necessary for such procedures as enucleation may be accomplished by performing a
retrobulbar block or Peterson block.
retrobulbar block causes
analgesia of the cornea, mydriasis, and prop- tosis.
Some possible adverse effects of retrobulbar injections include penetration of the globe, orbital hemorrhage, damage to the optic nerve, dysrhythmias caused by initia- tion of the ___ reflex, and injection into the optic nerve meninges.2
oculocardiac
done to anesthetize eyelid
auriculopalpebral block
The Peterson eye block desensitizes what nerves
(oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, and trigeminal)
The proximal paravertebral nerve block desensitizes the dorsal and ventral nerve roots of the __ and ___ as they emerge from the intervertebral foramina.
last thoracic (T13)
first and second lumbar (L1 and L2) spinal nerves
The distal paravertebral nerve block desensitizes the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves ,,_at the distal ends of the transverse processes of __,___,__
T13, L1, and L2
L1, L2, and L4,
proximal paravertebral uses more dosage than distal
baliktad
inverted L block is advantageous for obese animals
false
how much can be deposited using inverted l block
100mL
A high caudal epidural at the sacrococcygeal space (__) desensitizes sacral nerves __to __
S5–Co1
S2, S3, S4, and S5.
The low caudal epidural at first coccygeal space (___) desensitizes sacral nerves ___ to __
Co1–Co2
S3, S4, and S5;
dose for caudal epidural
0.5 ml per 45 kg of BW in cattle
1 ml/50kg to 1ml/15kg in small ruminants
Sheep with severely docked tails can be difficult to achieve a caudal epidural. Thus, a __ epidural may be the only option in these animals
lumbosacral
more beneficial block for tail docking
ring block
used in cattle with chronic rectal and vaginal prolapse that experience continuous straining after the initial epidural.
continuous caudal epidural
is a relatively easy and commonly used technique in sedated pigs for cesarean section, repair of hernias (umbilical, inguinal), prolapses (rectal, vaginal, uterine), and surgery of the rear limbs, penis, and prepuce. I
lumbosacaral epidural
is used to relieve rectal tenesmus associated with rectal prolapse without affecting the sciatic nerve and the animal’s ability to stand or tail func- tion. T
Sacral paravertebral anesthesia
The sacral paravertebral nerve block is used to provide analgesia to what nerves
the pudendal nerve (pudic nerve), medial hemorrhoidal nerve (pelvic splanchnic nerve), and caudal hemorrhoidal nerve (caudal rectal nerve
This block provides analgesia to the anus, vulva, and vagina
sacral paravertebral nerve block
anesthesia to facilitate relaxation of the bull’s penis without causing locomotor impairment.
Internal Pudendal Nerve Block
The procedure for bilateral internal pudendal (pudic) nerve block was first described by who
Larson
In the standing female, the __ nerve block can be used to relieve straining caused by chronic vaginal prolapse.
internal pudendal
is used primarily for specific lesions of the teat, such as a teat laceration or wart.
inverted V block
is a commonly used procedure for teat surgeries.
ring blcok
In many cases, intravenous regional anesthesia (___) is the preferred tech- nique for surgery of the foot.
Bier block
some have found the Bier block easier in small ruminants when the tourniquet was placed either above the __ in the forelimb or below the __ in the hind limb.
some have found the Bier block easier in small ruminants when the tourniquet was placed either above the elbow in the forelimb or below the tarsus in the hind limb.
block for severe cellulitis
simple ring block or 4-point nerve block
