Abdominal surgery Flashcards
type of hernia: uncomplicated
reducible
type of hernia with abscess
partially reducible
type of hernia: abscess and hernia; (complicated by incarceration, adhesion or strangulation)
irreducible
best technique for hernia accreta or incarcerated hernia
Amputation of the internal hernial sac
Close the hernial ring using
– sutures pattern which perforate both p
__ and __
horizontal mattress
peritoneum and abdominal wall
Closure of the hernial ring using
__ suture pattern can also be done
Overlapping to strengthen incision line
Mayo
material of suture for non reducible hernia
Non absorbable
Best technique for reducible hernia
Replacement of the internal
hernial sac (omentum, parts of intestines)
Best for very large hernial ring
Closure of the hernial ring
using alloplastic material
Use non-absorbable suture material (
— pattern) to hold the mesh
simple interrupted suture
In all techniques:
-Suture the SC tissue in
____ pattern (to obliterate dead space)
-Close the skin using ____ sutures
-In females, a ___ is recommended for support
-Restrict pre- & postoperatively feed
intake to reduce tension on wound edges
In all techniques:
-Suture the SC tissue in continuous
suture pattern (to obliterate dead space)
-Close the skin using simple
interrupted sutures
-In females, a belly bandage is
recommended for support
-Restrict pre- & postoperatively feed
intake to reduce tension on wound edges
Embryonic connection of bladder to the outside world
urachus
promote recurrence of hernia
Can co-exist with umbilical hernia
fistula
adhesions between hernial contents & hernial sac (peritoneal fluid, greater omentum, abomasum or L.I.)
hernia accreta
goal of Amputation of the internal hernial sac
Separate adhesions between hernial sac and hernial contents
procedure done if Urachal fistulas extend to the serosa of the bladder
partial cystectomy
Extend ___ incision in an uncomplicated urachal fistula
elliptical
Bladder is closed with a ___ suture (left) pattern (inverting suture through all three layers and then buried by a second layer of sutures: ___-right suture pattern)
Schmieden
Lembert
Laparotomy in cattle is mostly carried out through a__ incision
flank
Standard method for left flank is __ incision
‘through-and-through’
animal position for flank laparotomy
standing
local analgesia for flank laparotomy
Infiltration, Inverted L, Paravertebral
flank laparotomy technique:
Make a ___ skin incision ventral to the lumbar transverse process
The ___ muscles are transected vertically
Incise ____ vertically
Lift the ____ and ____ with thumb forceps and incise using a scalpel
Technique:
Make a vertical skin incision ventral to the lumbar transverse process
The external and internal oblique muscles are transected vertically
Incise transversus muscle vertically
Lift the transversalis fascia and peritoneum with thumb forceps and incise using a scalpel
Extend the incision dorsally and ventrally with scalpel
f. scissors
The oblique muscles are closed together using ___. pattern (either absorbable or non-absorbable)
simple interrupted sutures
If laparotomy is carried out in the lower part of the flank, the __, which is more prominent there, is sutured in a ___ pattern using ___ material
subcutis
simple continuous
absorbable
suture pattern for:
peritoneum
transversalis fascia
transversus muscle
Simple continuous
all are procedures for left flank laparotomy except:
Rumenotomy (short surgeon)
Left flank abomasopexy (Utrecht method)
Low flank incision (CS lateral recumbency)
Abomasopexy
none.
plus
Standard caudal left flank dapat
Incision site in relation to Abomasopexy RAFA
Rib- 1 hand girth away from the last rib
Abomasum (fundus and body)
Flank incision
Abomasopexy site sutured to the wall
right flank laparotomy is Usually executed by a ‘__’ or a ‘___’ incision
true grid
modified grid
how long should be the incision in flank laparotomy
15-20 cm
external oblique muscle is split in the direction of its fibers
true grid
Modified grid:
___muscle is incised vertically
-Internal oblique muscle (___)
-
____muscle (vertically)
- ____ and _____ – incised vertically
external oblique
cranio-ventrally
Transversus
Tranversalis fascia and peritoneum
The __ muscle is sutured with 2 or 3 simple interrupted sutures
internal oblique
what procedure is done in Upper Left Flank Laparotomy
rumenotomy
apparatus used to prevent peritoneal contamination in rumenotomy
Weingart’s
direction for incising ruminal wall
ventrally
rumenotomy:
Remove the two lowest hooks and close incision with __ suture or a continuous seromuscular suture (___ or___) patterns
Schmieden
Lembert or Cushing
in rumenotmy, The first suture line is oversewn with a ___ suture
continuous seromuscular
cicatricial stricture of the anal opening may develop as a sequelar for what abdominal procedure?
Correction of Atresia Ani (et Recti)
absence of anal opening
Correction of Atresia Ani (et Recti)
atresia ani is often observed in what animal
piglet
atresia ani:
If distal portion of rectum is also atretic, __ dissection is required
deeper
anesthesia technique for atresia ani
caudal epidural
animal position in cecotomy
-Standing Right Flank Laparotomy
signs:
Distension of right abdominal cavity -Dark and mucoid feces
-Absence of feces in the rectum
what procedure?
cecotomy
-A flexio is corrected by pushing with the whole lower arm the lesser curvature in a cranioventral direction along the right abdominal wall
greater
-If a flexio with rotation is present, the abomasal corpus is first pushed in a ___ and ___direction, then the pyloric part is grasped and pulled __
cranial and ventral
caudally
is the displacement about a horizontal axis running cranio-caudally)
flexio
in many cases the ‘flexio’ is followed by a
rotation
Etiology:
-High BCS at parturition
-High concentrate feed intake (low fiber diet) -Sudden change of feed
-Rearrangent of viscera after parturition -Other associated diseases (Fatty liver, Ketosis, Metritis, Mastitis, Hypoclacemia)
LDA
conservative correciton for LDA
rolling
surgical technique if blind
toggle and closed
surgical technique if open
standing/dorsal recumbency
animal position for right paramedian abomasopexy
dorsal recumb
anesthesia for percutaneous fixation
Paravertebral or Local infiltration
ph of abomasal fluid
2-3
Correction of RDA: Conservative TX
-Increase exercise
-Provide access to fodder -Metaclopramide administration -Calcium borogluconate
what abnormality?
-Pain and bruxism
-Tachycardia
-Rumen stasis
-Rectal palpation for examination
-Large, smooth, tense-walled viscus ventrally on R-side
-Metabolic alkalosis (early) the acidosis (late)
volvulus
