TEAS: Science Assorted Flashcards
What do you call the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate?
autonomic nervous system
What do you call a nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body?
axon
What do you call a bundle of nerve fibers that transits electrical impulses toward and away from the brain and spinal cord?
a nerve!
What is the structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands?
synapse
Nucleic acids make up ______.
DNA
Which of the following best describes how a signal travels across a nerve synapse?
Electrical
Kinetic
Potential
Chemical
Answer: Chemical
________________
Electrical is how signals move through the nerve cells.
Kinetic isn’t associated w/ the synapse.
Potential isn’t associated w/ the synapse.
The Medulla Oblongata senses what in the blood?
pH levels (high acidity means there’s a lot of carbon dioxide)
Gas Exchange in the lungs is called _______.
diffusion. (Oxygen in the lungs moves to the blood, and carbon dioxide in the blood moves to the lungs)
True of False - The rate of diffusion is proportionate to the surface area involved & the concentration gradient?
true
Is Cystic Fibroses hereditary?
Yes
What is surprising about a Coronavirus, given its popularity in the news?
It actually often causes a common cold. The newsworthiness is because we’re seeing a new strand of coronavirus.
The prefix myco- is used in relation to what?
fungus
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
alveoli
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing
asthma
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
bronchi
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
bronchioles
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes build-up in which main organ?
the lungs
Perfusion is the act of _____
passing fluid to an organ or tissue
What is the membrane that encompasses the lungs?
pleura
Surfactant is a fluid secreted by the ______ and found in the lungs
alveoli
What is “Tidal Volume”
The amount of air breathed in inhaling or exhaling
What is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the lungs?
trachea
What do you call the process of air movement when you’re breathing?
ventilation
What do you call a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
lymph
Do arteries bring blood to or away from the heart?
away from the heart
Do veins being blood to or away from the heart?
into the heart
The cardiovascular system is made of 2 main circulatory systems - open and closed. Which one pumps blood into a cavity called a hemocoel where it surrounds the organs and then returns to the heart(s) through ostia (openings)?
open
The cardiovascular system is made of 2 main circulatory systems - open and closed. Which one circulates blood unidirectionally from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart.
closed
Structure of the heart:
The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles; the ______ receive blood, while the ______ pump blood.
The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas. Blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the _______.
The lungs re-oxygenate the blood and send it to the left atrium.
Blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve; blood is pumped out of the left ventricle to the _____, which sends blood to the organs and muscles of the body.
The heart is composed of three layers: the epicardium (_____(inner or outer) layer), the myocardium (middle layer), and the endocardium (______(inner or outer) layer).
atria, ventricles
lungs
–
aorta
outer, inner
the largest artery in the human body which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs
aorta
large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart
inferior vena cava
large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium of the heart
superior vena cava
Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiac muscle cells that control _________.
heart rate & heart beat (contractions of the heart)
cardiomyocytes are commonly known as ______.
pacemaker cells (myocytes = muscle cells)
Is “systole” contraction or relaxation of heart muscles?
contraction
Is “diastole” contraction or relaxation of heart muscles?
relaxation
The sinoatrial node is in the right atrium. It sends out ELECTRICAL signals that control the contraction of the heart (heartbeat). It’s commonly known as the _____.
pacemaker
Arteries have _____(thick/thin) walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart, where as veins have walls with a ______(thinner/thicker) muscle layer.
thick, thinner
