Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1 - BI214A > Exam #1 Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

___________ is the number of protons, and therefore also the total positive charge, in the atomic nucleus.

A

Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ is the energy of MOTION (seen in waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.)

A

Kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

A

Potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances.

A

Chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The 4 major elements that make up the human body are….

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atoms consist of three basic particles: ____, ____, ____

A

protons, electrons, neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ is a basic particle of an atom and is found in shells or orbitals that surround the nucleus of an atom.

Negatively charged!

A

electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ is a basic particle of an atom that’s positively charged and forms part of the nucleus of an atom. It’s used to determine atomic number of an element. It weighs 1 amu.

Positively charged!

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom. It has no charge. It is equal in mass to a proton or it weighs 1 amu.

A

neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atoms in their natural state are _______ (positively, neutrally, negatively) charged.

A

neutrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An _____ is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.

A

ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A _____ is a group of a single type of atoms (elements) bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a _____ is where different types of atoms (elements) share electrons through covalent bonds. It is also known as a covalent compound. The covalent bonds are what hold the molecule together.

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chemical Bonds include both. Covalent and Ionic bonds. Which one is which?

______ bond: electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.

______ bond: electrons are shared by two atoms.

A

Ionic

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrogen’s valence number is one, because it has only one valence electron and needs only ___(how many?) shared electron(s) to fill its energy levels.

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A ______ is a CATALYST composed of protein and RNA. It lowers the level of energy that it takes to have a chemical reaction.

They assist w/ breakdown of food.

Most chemical reactions in the body are helped my this.

A

enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of reaction:

Two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. A + B → AB

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

synthesis reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of reaction:

A compound is broken into smaller chemical species. AB → A + B

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

decomposition reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which type of reaction:

Breaks polymers into monomers using a water molecule.

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

hydrolysis reaction

FYI - Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.

20
Q

Which type of reaction:

Absorbs energy from surroundings. Requires more energy than you get from it. The chemical bonds formed from the reaction are weaker than the chemical bonds that were broken. Not spontaneous.

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

Endergonic reaction

21
Q

Which type of reaction:

Releases energy into surroundings. Spontaneous.

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

Exergonic reaction

22
Q

Which type of reaction:

Link monomers together into polymers by RELEASING water.

Bank: synthesis, decomposition, endergonic, exergonic, dehydration, hydrolysis

A

dehydration reaction

FYI - Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.

23
Q

Is this an organic or inorganic compound?

Doesn’t contain both carbon and hydrogen. Most of these compounds contain water atoms (as opposed to carbon atoms)

A

inorganic

24
Q

Is this an organic or inorganic compound?

Contains both carbon and hydrogen. Synthesized via covalent bonds with living organisms, such as the human body.

A

organic

25
Q

The 4 main organic molecules are:

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (nucleotides)

26
Q

The organic molecule Carbohydrates has 3 main forms:

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbs

__________ are made of 2 monomers.

__________ are the polymers, and can have a fuck ton of monomers

A

Disaccharides

Polysaccarides

27
Q

The organic molecule LIPID has 3 main forms: triglyceride, phospholipids, and steroids.

________ is related to dietary stuff. Commonly called “fat”. Abundant in body tissues.

________ look just like lipids except that one of the fatty acid chains is replaced by a phosphate

________ are characterized by a backbone of four linked carbon rings (Figure 4). Examples of steroids include cholesterol (a component of cell membranes) and certain hormones, including testosterone and estrogen.

A

triglyceride

Phospholipids

Steroids

28
Q

The organic molecule _______ are polymers made up of nitrogen-containing monomers called AMINO ACIDS

A

Protein

29
Q

A ____ bond holds amino acids together.

clue: what type of medicine do I take for an upset or acidic stomach?

A

peptide bond

30
Q

Proteins function as enzymes. True or False?

A

true

31
Q

The organic molecule ________ can be assembled into nucleic acids (RNA or DNA), or ATP

A

Nucleotides

32
Q

Ayyy bishhhh; here’s a QQ for joos:

______ is a nucleotide that stores a ton of potential energy. Energy released from its bonds fuels the body’s activities - i.e. muscle contraction or transporting substances in and out of cells

A

ATP

33
Q

Water is a lubricating fluid for so many things in our body. For example: lubricates the joints, cushions the brain, and helps the lungs expand/contract. True or False?

A

True, bitch!

34
Q

Water is called a “heat sink” because it can absorb and release heat, without it’s temperature changing. This is huge for our body’s equilibrium and shit. True or false?

A

True

35
Q

Water is a key component of “Liquid Mixtures” in the body. The 3 liquid Mixtures are: Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions. Which one is which?

_________ a homogeneous(similar) mixture of two or more components. The dissolving agent is the solvent. The substance that is dissolved is the solute. Example: Sugar and water. How to know: you cant see light passing though air, so you know it’s this.

_________ particles are larger than those found in solutions. Components of a suspension can be evenly distributed by mechanical means, like by shaking the contents but the components will eventually settle out. Example: Oil and water

_________ particles are in sized in between solutions and suspensions. When they’re mixed, they remain evenly distributed without settling out. Example: Milk or Fog! How to know: You CAN see light passing through air, so you know it’s this.

A

Solution

Suspension

Colloids

36
Q

Name an example(s) of each:

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

A

Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose deoxyribose

Disaccharides: sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose (malt sugar)

Polysaccharides: starches, glycogen, cellulose (dietary fiber)

37
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids (remember these are in Lipids). Which on is which?

1) Only single bonds between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
2) The hydrocarbon chain has a double bond. The fatty acid now has fewer hydrogens.

A

saturated

unsaturated

Note: If there is just one double bond in a fatty acid, it’s monounsaturated, while if there are multiple double bonds, it’s polyunsaturated.

38
Q

What do you call a chemical substance that helps
helps control pH with there are high fluctuations in acids/bases in the body?

Small molecules such as bicarbonate and phosphate, and other substances like hemoglobin and proteins; help with this.

A

a buffer

39
Q

A pH of 7 is _____. A pH less than 7 is_____. A pH greater than 7 is _____.

A

neutral, acidic, basic(base)

40
Q

A pH of 7 is _____. A pH less than 7 is_____. A pH greater than 7 is _____.

A

neutral, acidic, basic(base)

41
Q

An _____ (acid, base, or neutral) releases hydrogen ions. It ionizes. The particles disassociate.

A

acid

How it works: Strong acids are compounds that release all of their H+ in a solution. i.e. it ionizes completely

42
Q

A _____ releases hydroxyl ions.

A

base

How it works: the hydroxyl ions combine with H+ to create a water molecule, therefore reducing the acidity of a solution. Strong bases release most or all of their hydroxyl ions.

43
Q

Which nucleic acid stores genetic information?

A

DNA

44
Q

What nucleic acid takes DNA code and transports it to where proteins are assembled on ribosomes in the cytoplasm?

A

RNA

45
Q

In the world of Proteins, a _____ bond is a covalent bond between 2 amino acids that forms via dehydration synthesis. In fact, it’s a very short chain of amino acids.

A

peptide

46
Q

The Disulfide bond is a covalent bond between sulfur atoms that binds two peptide chains or different parts of one peptide chain. T or F?

A

T, beyatch

Anatomy 1 - BI214A (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions