Exercise 2: Organ Systems, Body Cavities, Serous Membranes, Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

Question 1

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases, and wastes in blood. Major organs: heart and blood vessels

Answer 1

Cardiovascular (organ system)

Question 2

Adds oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood. Major organs: nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Answer 2

Respiratory (organ system)

Question 3

Breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body, eliminates wastes and non-digestible fiber in food. Major Organs: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Answer 3

Digestive (organ system)

Question 4

Removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid and volume, pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production. Major organs: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver gallbladder

Answer 4

Urinary (organ system)

Question 5

Provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature thermoregulation. Major organs: skin and skin structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands)

Answer 5

Integumentary

Question 6

Returns fluid to cardiovascular system; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms. Major organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils

Answer 6

Lymphatic and Immune

Question 7

Protects major organs; provides levers and support for body movement. Major organs: bones and cartilage

Answer 7

Skeletal

Question 8

Moves bones and maintains posture. Major organs: skeletal muscles and tendons

Answer 8

Muscular

Question 9

Controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis. Major organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Answer 9

Nervous

Question 10

Controls cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis. Major Organs: hypothalamus, pituitary gland ,pineal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes

Answer 10

Endocrine

Question 11

Produces gametes; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus. Major organs in male: testes, ductus deferens, penis. Major organs in female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

Answer 11

Reproductive

Question 12

the Cranial Cavity contains ______ and it continuous with the ____ _____ (which contains the spinal cord)

Answer 12

The Brain, Vertebral Canal

Question 13

the Thoracic Cavity is a space enclosed by the ______, _____, and ______ ____.

Answer 13

Ribs, Sternum, and Vertebral Column

Question 14

the Thoracic Cavity contains 3 small cavities: __, __, __.

Answer 14

One pericardinal cavity (peri- = around; -cardia = heart.

Two pleural cavities (pleuro- = side or rib).

Question 15

The Pericardinal Cavity contains the _____, and each Pleural cavity contains a ____.

Answer 15

Heart, Lung

Question 16

A central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column. Organs include the heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi.

Answer 16

the Mediastinum (media- = middle; -stinum = partition)

The pleural cavities are located on either side of the mediastinum.

Question 17

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 17

the diaphragm

Question 18

The abdominopelvic cavity consists of 2 main cavities:

Answer 18

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 19

The superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis. Contains the stomach, lover, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix, and part of the large intestine.

Answer 19

abdominal cavity

Question 20

Within the abdominal cavity, this contains the pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestine, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cava.

Answer 20

peritonal cavity

Question 21

Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female and male reproductive organs.

Answer 21

pelvic cavity

note that penis and tests are INFERIOR to the pelvic cavity

Question 22

root word: viscera = _____

Answer 22

internal organs

Question 23

root word: paries = _____

Answer 23

wall

Question 24

Most organs in the ventral body are covered with this clear, watery fluid:

Answer 24

serous membranes

Question 25

serous membranes are composed of 2 layers. What are they called, and what are they?

Answer 25

1) visceral layer (viscera = internal organs) covers the organ
2) parietal layer (paries = wall) attaches to and covers the ventral body wall

Question 26

Between the 2 serous membrane layers (visceral and parietal) there is a (potential) cavity that contains clear, watery fluid called

Answer 26

serous fluid

Question 27

What does serous fluid do?

Answer 27

prevents friction as organs move

Question 28

what is the Pluera membrane?

Answer 28

Thoracic serous membrane that covers the lungs

Question 29

what is the Pericardium membrane?

Answer 29

Thoracic serous membrane that covers the heart

Question 30

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 30

The serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity. (peri = around; teinein = to stretch)

Question 31

the appendix is in which quadrant?

Answer 31

RLQ

Question 32

the large intestine or colon is in which quadrant(s)?

Answer 32

all 4

Question 33

the liver is in which quadrant?

Answer 33

mainly RUQ

Question 34

ovaries are in which quadrant?

Answer 34

RLQ and LLQ

Question 35

the stomach is in which quadrant?

Answer 35

mainly LUQ

Question 36

the spleen is in which quadrant?

Answer 36

LUQ

Question 37

the gallbladder is in which quadrant?

Answer 37

RUQ

Question 38

left kidney is in which quadrant?

Answer 38

LUQ

Question 39

the uterus is in which quadrant?

Answer 39

RLQ and LLQ