Exercise 2: Organ Systems, Body Cavities, Serous Membranes, Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants Flashcards
Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases, and wastes in blood. Major organs: heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular (organ system)
Adds oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood. Major organs: nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Respiratory (organ system)
Breaks down food into units that can be absorbed by the body, eliminates wastes and non-digestible fiber in food. Major Organs: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Digestive (organ system)
Removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid and volume, pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production. Major organs: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver gallbladder
Urinary (organ system)
Provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature thermoregulation. Major organs: skin and skin structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands)
Integumentary
Returns fluid to cardiovascular system; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms. Major organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils
Lymphatic and Immune
Protects major organs; provides levers and support for body movement. Major organs: bones and cartilage
Skeletal
Moves bones and maintains posture. Major organs: skeletal muscles and tendons
Muscular
Controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis. Major organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves
Nervous
Controls cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis. Major Organs: hypothalamus, pituitary gland ,pineal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
Endocrine
Produces gametes; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus. Major organs in male: testes, ductus deferens, penis. Major organs in female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Reproductive
the Cranial Cavity contains ______ and it continuous with the ____ _____ (which contains the spinal cord)
The Brain, Vertebral Canal
the Thoracic Cavity is a space enclosed by the ______, _____, and ______ ____.
Ribs, Sternum, and Vertebral Column
the Thoracic Cavity contains 3 small cavities: __, __, __.
One pericardinal cavity (peri- = around; -cardia = heart.
Two pleural cavities (pleuro- = side or rib).
The Pericardinal Cavity contains the _____, and each Pleural cavity contains a ____.
Heart, Lung
A central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column. Organs include the heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi.
the Mediastinum (media- = middle; -stinum = partition)
The pleural cavities are located on either side of the mediastinum.
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
the diaphragm
The abdominopelvic cavity consists of 2 main cavities:
abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
The superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis. Contains the stomach, lover, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix, and part of the large intestine.
abdominal cavity
Within the abdominal cavity, this contains the pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestine, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cava.
peritonal cavity
Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female and male reproductive organs.
pelvic cavity
note that penis and tests are INFERIOR to the pelvic cavity
root word: viscera = _____
internal organs
root word: paries = _____
wall
Most organs in the ventral body are covered with this clear, watery fluid:
serous membranes
serous membranes are composed of 2 layers. What are they called, and what are they?
1) visceral layer (viscera = internal organs) covers the organ
2) parietal layer (paries = wall) attaches to and covers the ventral body wall
Between the 2 serous membrane layers (visceral and parietal) there is a (potential) cavity that contains clear, watery fluid called
serous fluid
What does serous fluid do?
prevents friction as organs move
what is the Pluera membrane?
Thoracic serous membrane that covers the lungs
what is the Pericardium membrane?
Thoracic serous membrane that covers the heart
What is the Peritoneum?
The serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity. (peri = around; teinein = to stretch)
the appendix is in which quadrant?
RLQ
the large intestine or colon is in which quadrant(s)?
all 4
the liver is in which quadrant?
mainly RUQ
ovaries are in which quadrant?
RLQ and LLQ
the stomach is in which quadrant?
mainly LUQ
the spleen is in which quadrant?
LUQ
the gallbladder is in which quadrant?
RUQ
left kidney is in which quadrant?
LUQ
the uterus is in which quadrant?
RLQ and LLQ
