Ex 4: Cell Structure and Cell Cycle Flashcards
What does the Plasma Membrane do?
controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
What folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell to increase absorption or secretion?
Microvilli
What contains DNA molecules and nucleous?
Nucleus
What is the assembly site for ribosomes
Nucleous
What are the long thin strands within nucleus. Each stand composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins.
Chromatin
What is the area of the cell between plasma membrane and nucleus? Includes cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
What is the fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds organelles?
Cytosol
What makes ATP via aerobic cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
What receives and modifies proteins from RER; sorts and transports them?
Golgi complex
What secretes substances outside the cell by exocytosis?
Secretory vesicles
Where do enzymes digest and recycle work-out organelles and substances entering the cell; can digest the cell
Lysosomes
What produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances?
Peroxisomes
Three kinds of protein filaments; maintain cell shape and involved in cell movement and movement of organelles
Cytoskeleton
Form mitotic spindle; needed to form cilia and flagella
Centrosomes (centrioles)
Abundant, hair-like cell projections that move fluids and particles along the cell surface
Cilia
What is a long cell projection; whip-like motion moves sperm
Flagella
What types of cells are:
Long, cylindrical cells that contain specialized proteins that enable them to contract to move bones. The contractile proteins are organized into repeating units that can be observed in the light microscope as striations.
Skeletal muscle
What do you call something that’s covered in microscopic projections that look like tiny hairs. _______ cells use a sweeping motion to remove toxins from your lungs.
Ciliated / Ciliated cells
In a cell, what increases the surface area of the plasma membrane which provides a larger area for absorption of nutrients along the gastrointestinal tract or secretion of product from glands?
Microvilli
What are nervous tissue cells with many processes that receive info from other neurons and send electrical signals to muscle cells causing them to contact?
Motor neurons
What type of cells are:
Small, oval cells with a flagellum that propels them through the female reproductive tract?
Sperm Cells
What type of cells:
Do not have a nucleus but contain large amounts of hemoglobin, a red pigment that binds oxygen?
Red blood cells
What type of cells:
Have nuclei with different shapes and defend the body from pathogens and cancerous cells.
White blood cells
What is it called when one cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical cells?
Somatic cell division
The cell cycle begins when _________, and ends when ________.
a cell is produced by cell division, when that cell divides.
What is the Interphase of the cell cycle?
Long period when the cell lives and grows. DNA replicates. (inter= between)
What is the Mitotic phase of the cell cycle?
When the cell is dividing (this includes mitosis, which is nuclear division) (also includes cytokinesis, which is cytoplasmic division)
What is the embryonic stage called where cells are dividing rapidly, providing many cells in different stages of mitosis?
Blastula
A stage of mitosis where the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear; chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite poles; spindle fibers form
Prophase (pro = first)
A stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at metaphasal plate; spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatids
Metaphase (meta = next)
A stage of mitosis where chromatids of chromosomes separate; move to opposite poles
Anaphase (ana = apart)
A stage of mitosis where cell reverses prophase activities
Telophase (telo = end)
Cytoplasmic division into 2 genetically identical daughter cells
Cytokinesis
