TC5-E--Diabetic Drugs

Question 1

Acarbose

Answer 1

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Delays absorption of sugars
SE: malabsorption, flatulence, bloating, diarrhea

Question 2

Glucagon

Answer 2

Hypoglycemia agent
G-protein binder than increases cAMP
SE: nausea, vomiting, don’t use in pt’s w/pheochromocytoma

Question 3

GlipizIDE

Answer 3

Sulfonylurea (2nd gen)
Binds K+/ATP channel
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram-like action, agranulocytosis (rare)

Question 4

PramLINtide

Answer 4

Amylin analog
Suppresses glucagon release
SE: Hypoglycemia, anorexia

Question 5

RepaglINIDE

Answer 5

Meglitinide
Binds K+/ATP channel (same as sulfonylureas)
Pt’s w/allergies to sulfa drugs; rapid onset
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 6

NPH

Answer 6

Intermediate-acting insulin

DO NOT USE in DKA, hyperglycemic emergencies

Question 7

Miglitol

Answer 7

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Delays absorption of sugars
SE: malabsorption, flatulence, bloating, diarrhea

Question 8

Sitagliptin

Answer 8

DPP-4 inhibitor
Increases insulin secretion
SE: nasopharyngitis, URT infections, headaches, hypoglycemia

Question 9

Glargine

Answer 9

Long-acting insulin

No peak!

Question 10

Exenatide

Answer 10

GLP-1 analog
Potentiates insulin release; delays gastric emptying
SE: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, necrotizing & hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Question 11

Glulisine

Answer 11

Rapid-acting insulin

Question 12

Lente

Answer 12

Intermediate-acting insulin

DO NOT USE in DKA, hyperglycemic emergencies

Question 13

Aspart

Answer 13

Rapid-acting insulin

Question 14

ChloropropamIDE

Answer 14

Sulfonylurea (1st gen)
Binds K+/ATP channel
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram-like action, agranulocytosis (rare)

Question 15

GlyburIDE

Answer 15

Sulfonylurea (2nd gen)
Binds K+/ATP channel
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram-like action, agranulocytosis (rare)

Question 16

Detemir

Answer 16

Long-acting insulin

No peak!

Question 17

RosiGLITAZONE

Answer 17

Thiazolidinediones
Binds PPAR-gamma
SE: fluid retention, edema, weight gain, anemia, HF

Question 18

Lispro

Answer 18

Rapid-acting insulin

Question 19

Lantus

Answer 19

Long-acting insulin

No peak!

Question 20

Insulin

Answer 20

Tyrosine kinase receptor binder
**DOC for DKA, hyperglycemia emergencies (IV)
SE: hypoglycemia

Question 21

Metformin

Answer 21

Biguanide
Stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase –> reduced liver gluconeogenesis
SE: lactic acidosis, vit. B12 malabsorption, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 22

PioGLITAZONE

Answer 22

Thiazolidinediones
Binds PPAR-gamma
SE: fluid retention, edema, weight gain, anemia, HF