Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT 641 Peds > TBI/Near Drowning/Tumors > Flashcards

TBI/Near Drowning/Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

external mechanical force applied to head/skull

A

traumatic brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the leading cause of death in children aged 1-18

A

TBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOI for TBI

A
  • falls
  • MVA (pedestrian, passenger, bicyclists)
  • gunshot wounds
  • sports/concussions
  • abuse/assault
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what age is TBI most common from falls

A

0-12 m/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

80% of head trauma deaths under the age of 2 are caused by

A

child abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs and sx of abusive head trauma

A
  • unexplained apnea
  • retinal hemorrhages
  • seizures
  • head/neck bruising
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

types of brain injury associated with abuse

A
  • subdural hematoma
  • hypoxia/ischemic injury
  • cerebral edema
  • shaken baby impact syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

occurs when infant is inconsolable and the caregiver shakes them usually to get them to stop crying and then often in combination with dropping/throwing infant against an object

A

shaken baby impact syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

moving head hits a fixed object such as ground, dashboard or back of seat

A

accerelation/deceleration MOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

head displaced, hits object, then lateral displacement of brain; coup impact in the direction opposite the original impact (countercoup –> brain decelerates against bones in the skull)

A

translational injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

blunt object hits the head

A

impression injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skull rotates, brain stays stationary; angular force on brain

A

rotational injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can you typically see brain changes on imaging following a concussion

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurochemical injury

A

concussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sx of concussion

A

headache, dizziness, sensitivity to light/sound, difficulty falling asleep, memory changes, behavioral changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bruising/hemorrhage, will be able to see on MRI

A

contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

common causes of contusion

A

blunt force trauma, also seen with acceleration/decelereation injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what lobes are contusions common in

A

frontal and temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fracture caused from low velocity objects

A

linear comminuted fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fracture caused from higher velocity objects

A

depressed skull fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what can depressed fractures lead to

A

contusions, lacerations, and CN damage due to indentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

skin is broken and bone is seen

A

compound fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

involves fracture in floor of skull near eyes/ears/nose or in the back/base of skull

A

basal/basilar skull fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what types of sx/signs can be seen with basal/basilar skull fx

A

blood in ear canal, leakage of CSF from nose/ears, raccoon eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

injury with or without loss of consciousness and the depth of injury may not be readily recognized

A

intracranial hemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the two main types of intracranial hemorrhages

A

extradural (epidural) and intradural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

commonly seen with skull fx

A

extradural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what artery is torn with extradural hematoma

A

middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

unilateral extradural hematoma can lead to herniation to which lobe

A

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

types of intradural hematoma

A

subdural and intracerebral hematomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what causes intradural hemotoma and where is it commonly seen

A

injury to veins in subdural space
- seen in temporal and frontal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

type of hematoma with increased mortality rate and poorer long term outcomes

A

subdural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does DAI stand for

A

diffuse axonal injury

34
Q

what type of injury is DAI associated with

A

rotational injury and shearing forces (diffuse changes in cellular structures t/o the brain)

35
Q

what matter does DAI affect

A

white

36
Q

common sx associated with DAI

A

sudden LOC and extensor posturing

37
Q

occurs hours to days after initial brain injury

A

secondary brain damage

38
Q

in conjunction with increased ICP, can lead to infarctions, herniation, necrosis of brain tissue

A

cerebral edema

39
Q

treatment for secondary brain injury

A

medical sedation, neuromuscular paralysis, diuretics

40
Q

can cause obstructive hydrocephalus, the brain shifts past midline leading to changes in LOC, increased tone and decorticate posturing

A

herniation syndromes

41
Q

what tries to handle an increase in intracranial pressure

A

ventricular system

42
Q

how to tell if infant has increased ICP

A

bulging fontanels

43
Q

series of events following increased ICP

A

contents in cranial vault pushed down –> brainstem compression —> cardiorespiratory arrest

44
Q

what is the normal ICP in kids

A

7-15 mmHg

45
Q

monitors ICP and drains CSF

A

external ventricular drain

46
Q

ANS malfunction that leads to hypertension, diaphoresis, fatigue, heart rate changes, sweating/lack of sweating

A

dysautonomia

47
Q

what are factors that can predict the outcome following pediatric TBI

A
  • location and severity of injury
  • complications
  • age at time of injury
  • length of coma
  • premorbid level of cognition
48
Q

unconscious state; no eye opening, no command following and no reaction to painful stimuli

A

coma

49
Q

what does the glasgow coma scale (GCS) measure

A

response to motor activity, verbal responses and eye opening

50
Q

what age in the pediatric coma scale (PCS) used for

A

9-72 m/o

51
Q

score range for GCS

A

3-15

52
Q

score range for PCS

A

3-14

53
Q

scores that predict poor and good outcomes following coma

A
  • poor: 3 or 4
  • good: > 7
54
Q

what test is used to assess orientation/amnesia

A

children’s orientation and amnesia test (COAT)

55
Q

age for COAT and what does it assess

A
  • 4-15
  • orientation, temporal orientation, memory
56
Q

a descriptive scale used to assess cognitive/behavioral functioning and is used in inpatient settings

A

rancho los amigos level of cognitive functioning

57
Q

state the levels of the rancho scale

A
  • I: no response
  • II: generalized response (inconsistent/non-purposeful)
  • III: localized response (specific but inconsistent)
  • IV: confused-agitated (heightened state of activity and agitation)
  • V: confused-inappropriate (simple commands, distractible, memory impaited)
  • VI: confused-appropriate (needs input/direction for activities, responses are appropriate for stimulation, still with memory deficits)
  • VII: automatic/appropriate (robot like with daily routine, decreased judgement and problem solving)
  • VIII: purposeful/appropriate (recall past, aware of environment, learns new tasks, no supervision needed)
58
Q

age range for pediatric rancho scale

A

infancy to 7 y/o

59
Q

scores of pediatric rancho scale

A
  • V: no response to stimuli
  • IV: generalized response to stimuli
  • III: localized response to stimuli
  • II: responsive to environment (alert/responds to name, highly distractible, agitation)
  • I: patient oriented to self and surroundings (provides accurate information about self, participates in tx program, shows interest in toys, knows where their room is/PT gym)
60
Q

survival for at least 24 hours following submersion incident

A

near drowning

61
Q

highest age range for near drowning

A

1-4 y/o

62
Q

sources of near drowning

A

bathtubs, pools, washing machines

63
Q

wet drowning

A

aspiration of water

64
Q

dry drowning

A

laryngospasm

65
Q

areas most commonly affected by ischemia in near drowning

A

hippocampus, insular cortex and basal ganglia

66
Q

tumor involving cerebellum and brainstem

A

astrocystomas

67
Q

what does astrocytoma arise from

A

brain cells, astrocytes or glial cells (glioma)

68
Q

most common pediatric brain tumor

A

astrocytoma

69
Q

common locations of astrocytoma

A

cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus

70
Q

most common malignant tumor in the cerebellum

A

medulloblastoma

71
Q

what does medulloblastoma arise from

A

primitive neuronal cells (PNET)

72
Q

intracerebral tumor commonly found in 4th ventrile

A

ependymomas

73
Q

high grade ependymomas are prone to spread via

A

subarchnoid and intraventricular fluid pathways

74
Q

congenital tumors, can cause compression of optic N and can block 3rd ventricle causing hydrocephalus’ usually benign

A

craniopharyngiomas

75
Q

s/s of brain tumors

A

seizures, visual disturbances, headaches, vomiting, gait disorders, loss of coordination

76
Q

what can cause low arousal

A

damage to frontal lobe and brainstem; medications

77
Q

damage where can lead to decreased attention to stimuli, decreased ability to learn or relearn a motor task

A

frontal lobe injury

78
Q

trauma where will lead to memory deficits

A

temporal lobe

79
Q

damage where can lead to deficits in executive functions

A

prefrontal cortex

80
Q

tone commonly seen in UE and LE

A
  • UE: flexor tone
  • LE: extensor tone
81
Q

ataxia occurs due to damage where

A

cerebellar and basal ganglia

82
Q

what is a good position for tone inhibition

A

sidelying

PT 641 Peds (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions