Neuromuscular Movement System Diagnoses

Question 1

Inability to coordinate intersegmental task due to deficits in timing and sequencing of one segment in relation to another, LE: during postural control tasks, UE: with hand manipulation and grasp/release, improves with practice and instruction

Answer 1

movement pattern coordination deficit

Question 2

Conditions seen with movement pattern coordination deficit

Answer 2

Down syndrome, mental retardation/intellectual disability, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder, prematurity, developmental delay, motor apraxia

Question 3

Presentation of movement pattern coordination deficit

Answer 3

clumsy, occasional falls, delays with fine motor skills, messy eater, awkward in comparison to peers, poor performance in sports (decreased balance)

Question 4

Primary movement disorder is weakness; presentation can be focal (one joint) or segmental or related to fatigue

Answer 4

force production deficit

Question 5

Force production deficit seen in

Answer 5

prematurity, developmental delay, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hypotonia, spina bifida

Question 6

presentation of force production deficit

Answer 6

difficulty moving against gravity, difficulty lifting head, head lag with pull to sit, Gower’s sign (muscular dystrophy), transfers need assistance, may need AD for gait

Question 7

inability to fractionate movement, associated with hyper-excitability, can be LE/UE/both

Answer 7

fractionated movement disorder

Question 8

always associated with central neurological deficit

Answer 8

fractionated movement disorder

Question 9

fractionated movement disorder seen in

Answer 9

intraventricular hemmorage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), brain tumors, meningitis, cerebral palsy

Question 10

Fractionated movement disorder presentation

Answer 10

stiffness of limbs and trunk, neck hyperextension with pull to sit, LE extensor pattern (extension, abd, IR), unable to dissociate LE movements, bunny hops/commando crawls, difficulty with reaching/grabbing, compensations with standing and walking, likely needs AD/orthotics to walk

Question 11

inaccurate perception of vertical orientation, resistance to correction of center mass/alignment

Answer 11

postural vertical deficit

Question 12

postural vertical deficit seen in

Answer 12

rhett syndrome, stroke, brain injury

Question 13

postural vertical deficit presents with

Answer 13

backward falls, fear of falling, visual/perceptual deficits, impaired light touch/joint sense, impulsive, poor judgement

Question 14

inability to maintain postural orientation or motor performance due to inability to screen and attend to sensory inputs, may have sensory seeking or sensory avoidance behaviors (ex constantly bumping into things or avoiding eating certain foods due to texture)

Answer 14

sensory selection and weighting deficit

Question 15

sensory selection and weighting deficit seen in

Answer 15

integration disorders, autism spectrum disorders, pervsive developmental disorder

Question 16

sensory selection and weighting deficit present with

Answer 16

repetitive non-purposeful movements (self-stimulating behavior like rocking/spining), impaired social behaviors, aversion to sensory stimuli, developmental delays

Question 17

inability to carry out intersegmental movement due to a lack of joint position sense, vision, or vestibular system

Answer 17

sensory detection deficit

Question 18

sensory detection deficit seen in

Answer 18

stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathy

Question 19

sensory detection deficit presents with

Answer 19

inability to stand still, tripping/falling with running, foot slap, poor timing and coordination of limb during tasks, slow/clumsy performance

Question 20

slowness in initiating and carrying out movement, can be associated with stopping of ongoing movement

Answer 20

hypokinesia

Question 21

hypokinesia seen in

Answer 21

IVH, seizure disorder, stroke

Question 22

hypokinesia presents with

Answer 22

stopping of movement during a functional task, delayed postural adjustment, slow movements, delayed integration of primitive reflexes

Question 23

inability to grade forces needed during a task (speed/distance), rapid movements are too large and slow movements are too slow; associated with cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 23

dysmetria

Question 24

dysmetria seen with

Answer 24

cerebral palsy, agenesis of corpus collosum, ataxia, stroke, brain injury

Question 25

dysmetria presents with

Answer 25

falls, clumsiness, frequent injuries, wide base of support, repeated stepping, excessive sway, difficulty with reach/grasp

Question 26

deficit in movement is due to lack of arousal/attention or to be able to apply meaning to a situation; may be dependent with all mobility/caregiving; need 24 hour assistance/supervision

Answer 26

cognitive deficit

Question 27

cognitive deficit seen in

Answer 27

anoxia, brain injury, mental retardation

Question 28

cognitive deficit presents with

Answer 28

lack of arousal, decreased response to stimuli, decreased attention to situation