Neuromuscular Movement System Diagnoses Flashcards
Inability to coordinate intersegmental task due to deficits in timing and sequencing of one segment in relation to another, LE: during postural control tasks, UE: with hand manipulation and grasp/release, improves with practice and instruction
movement pattern coordination deficit
Conditions seen with movement pattern coordination deficit
Down syndrome, mental retardation/intellectual disability, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder, prematurity, developmental delay, motor apraxia
Presentation of movement pattern coordination deficit
clumsy, occasional falls, delays with fine motor skills, messy eater, awkward in comparison to peers, poor performance in sports (decreased balance)
Primary movement disorder is weakness; presentation can be focal (one joint) or segmental or related to fatigue
force production deficit
Force production deficit seen in
prematurity, developmental delay, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, hypotonia, spina bifida
presentation of force production deficit
difficulty moving against gravity, difficulty lifting head, head lag with pull to sit, Gower’s sign (muscular dystrophy), transfers need assistance, may need AD for gait
inability to fractionate movement, associated with hyper-excitability, can be LE/UE/both
fractionated movement disorder
always associated with central neurological deficit
fractionated movement disorder
fractionated movement disorder seen in
intraventricular hemmorage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), brain tumors, meningitis, cerebral palsy
Fractionated movement disorder presentation
stiffness of limbs and trunk, neck hyperextension with pull to sit, LE extensor pattern (extension, abd, IR), unable to dissociate LE movements, bunny hops/commando crawls, difficulty with reaching/grabbing, compensations with standing and walking, likely needs AD/orthotics to walk
inaccurate perception of vertical orientation, resistance to correction of center mass/alignment
postural vertical deficit
postural vertical deficit seen in
rhett syndrome, stroke, brain injury
postural vertical deficit presents with
backward falls, fear of falling, visual/perceptual deficits, impaired light touch/joint sense, impulsive, poor judgement
inability to maintain postural orientation or motor performance due to inability to screen and attend to sensory inputs, may have sensory seeking or sensory avoidance behaviors (ex constantly bumping into things or avoiding eating certain foods due to texture)
sensory selection and weighting deficit
sensory selection and weighting deficit seen in
integration disorders, autism spectrum disorders, pervsive developmental disorder
sensory selection and weighting deficit present with
repetitive non-purposeful movements (self-stimulating behavior like rocking/spining), impaired social behaviors, aversion to sensory stimuli, developmental delays
inability to carry out intersegmental movement due to a lack of joint position sense, vision, or vestibular system
sensory detection deficit
sensory detection deficit seen in
stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathy
sensory detection deficit presents with
inability to stand still, tripping/falling with running, foot slap, poor timing and coordination of limb during tasks, slow/clumsy performance
slowness in initiating and carrying out movement, can be associated with stopping of ongoing movement
hypokinesia
hypokinesia seen in
IVH, seizure disorder, stroke
hypokinesia presents with
stopping of movement during a functional task, delayed postural adjustment, slow movements, delayed integration of primitive reflexes
inability to grade forces needed during a task (speed/distance), rapid movements are too large and slow movements are too slow; associated with cerebellar dysfunction
dysmetria
dysmetria seen with
cerebral palsy, agenesis of corpus collosum, ataxia, stroke, brain injury
dysmetria presents with
falls, clumsiness, frequent injuries, wide base of support, repeated stepping, excessive sway, difficulty with reach/grasp
deficit in movement is due to lack of arousal/attention or to be able to apply meaning to a situation; may be dependent with all mobility/caregiving; need 24 hour assistance/supervision
cognitive deficit
cognitive deficit seen in
anoxia, brain injury, mental retardation
cognitive deficit presents with
lack of arousal, decreased response to stimuli, decreased attention to situation
