Pediatric Gait/Orthotic Prescription Flashcards
what problems can occur in the sagittal plane
- anterior displacement of center of mass
- forward head
- protraction/retraction
- kyphosis
- lordosis
- hip flexion
- knee flexion/hyperextension
- ankle DF/PF
what problems can occur in frontal plane
- head tilt
- pelvic obliquity
- hip abd/add (scissoring)
- trendelenburg
- genu varum/valgum
- pronation
what problems can occur in transverse plane
- shoulder or pelvic retraction/rotation
- antetorsion/retrotorsion
- tibial torsion internal or external
- metatarsus adductus
- toeing in or out
- windblown
both feet turn in the same direction
windblown
how does frontal plane balance develop
- lateral stability first (walking side to side - cruising to prepare for gait)
- sagittal mobility next
body weight distribution/COM ____ throughout the age continuum
changes
_____ falls through a load bearing joint in typical gait
body weight
proximity of loaded joints to the weight line _____ efficiency of gait
improves
what are the 4 stance phase rockers
- rocker 1: loading response
- rocker 2: midstance
- rocker 3: terminal stance to propulsion
- rocker 4: toe rocker
when do rockers typically develop
between 2.5 and 3.5 y/o
as rockers develop, the foot becomes more ___
propulsive (it becomes more stable)
_____ continues to develop until 10 y/o
power generation
when does rocker 1 typically occur
seen within first 6 months of independent walking
requires control of mass acceleration
rocker 1
what is the size of the step taken prior to rocker 1 proportional to
strength of the stance hip
single leg stance where the tibia advances over the foot
midstance
when the tibia is vertical during midstance, the femur is
reclines
when the femur is vertical during midstance, the tibia is
inclined
stance phase stability
- femur vertical
- weight line is between heel and metatarsal heads
- body weight is aligned over a stable base
how much DF is needed for rocker 3
> or equal to 10deg
quick elongation of posterior compartment leads to enhanced PF power
rocker 3 terminal stance
PF propulsion accounts for up to how much of the acceleration energy in typical gait
45%
strong U/L LE muscles will free up the pelvis to rotate and allow what
for the swing leg to extend
a stable loaded foot converts from a shock absorber _______ to a rigid lever ______
- rocker 1
- rocker 3
