Developmental Sequence & Stage of Development Flashcards
period of physiologic flexion and limited ROM, movements are random and in either total flex or total ext
birth - 1 mo
Prone: physiologic flexion, head turn to one side, some head/neck ext, hands to mouth, UE flexed and adducted, LE flexed with elevated pelvis
birth - 1 mo
where is the center of gravity from birth - 1 mo in prone
forehead
supine: head turned to one side, little control of movements, some kicking in LE, hands fisted
birth - 1 mo
sitting: Need full head/trunk support, Fully rounded back, flexed neck, head bobbing, Pull to Sit: marked head lag
birth - 1 mo
upright: need full support, poor head control/bobbing
birth - 1 mo
positive support reaction and automatic stepping are seen at what age
birth - 1 mo
Decreased physiological flexion
Extension increases
Hypotonia
Decreased control of body overall
2 months
Prone:
UE used to increase ER and ABD, elbows behind shoulders
Hips ext, pelvis moves closer to supporting surface
2 months
where does the COG shift at 2 mo
moves caudally toward shoulders
at 2 mo, how much can an infant lift their head
~45 deg
infants head is rarely in midline at 2 mo due to what
asymmetric tonic reflex (ATNR)
at what age can infant begin to initiate some neck flexion with pull to sit, still has head bobbing
2 mo
Unable to support weight (primitive standing reflex lost)
2 mo
disorientation in standing, unable to stand upright
astasia
lack of stepping motion
abasia
at what age does abasia and astasia typically occur
2 mo
Fine Motor: Swiping motions with hands
Hands still slightly fisted, thumbs shoulder be out of palms
Involuntary release
2 mo
Oral Motor: Increased vowel sounds, cooing, cry differentiation, localizes to sounds, socially smiles
2 mo
Gaining more symmetry
Control of neck muscles
Flexion control against gravity emerging
Head with midline orientation for longer periods
Increased awareness of surroundings
3 mo
how much neck ext is typically seen at 3 mo with head turning in prone
90 deg
at what age does prone prop begin along with weight shifts
3 mo
Prone:
LE: pelvis on surface, wide base, frog legged
May show signs of inconsistent rolling
3 mo
Supine:
UE brought to midline on chest
Hand to hand contact/play
LE: can hold soles of feet together/frog leg
Beginning to lift legs off support surfaces (knees to chest)
3 mo
Sitting: Increased flex with pull to sit
Trunk leans forward, head starting to show improved control
Need full support
3 mo
Fine Motor:
Hands together in supine
Hands held loosely fisted
Starting to attend to objects
3 mo
Oral Motor:
Responds to angry/harsh tones with crying
Responds to pleasant sounds with cooing
Laughs
3 mo
Symmetry strengthens
Increased control over extensors and flexors
Improved head control in all positions
Purposeful movements emerge
4 mo
Supine: Increased balance, use of flexors/extensors
Midline of hands, now anti-gravity
Reaching for knees
Increased activity with hip and knee flexion
Improved abdominal control, decreased hip abduction
May start to roll to side
4 mo
Prone: Equilibrium reactions emerge
Start to bear weight on hands with ext at elbows
Weight shifting
Pivot prone
Rolling consistently
5 mo
Supine: Feet to mouth
Increased weight shifting
Prep for rolling to side and prone
5 mo
at what age do babies begin to engage abs and start pulling slightly with their arms during pull to sit
5 mo
at what age do babies begin to ring sit and may begin to prop sit
5 mo
Upright: Can almost take all their weight, but only with hand held or trunk support
5 mo
Fine motor: Drops objects spontaneously
Reaches up to familiar people
Can retain a small object in each hand
5 mo
Oral Motor: Responds with smiling and laughing
Babbling
Vocal expression of eagerness/happiness and displeasure
5 mo
in prone, begin reaching on extended arms and swimming
6 mo
supine: Begins to lift head from support surface
Rolls supine to prone
Preparing for sitting
6 mo
Sitting: Tucks head/chin with pull to sit
Arms free to play, may not need them for support
Reaching within BOS, some outside of base
6 mo
Upright: Accepts full weight
May bounce with hands held
6 mo
Fine Motor: Radial palmar grasp
Rakes for tiny objects
Bangs objects on surfaces
Transfers objects from hand to hand
6 mo
Oral Motor: Increased awareness of environment
Constant sounds (b, d, m)
Repetitive babbling
6 mo
at what age does commando crawling emerge
7 mo
Prone: Moving toward attaining quadruped, abdomen off floor
May start rocking on hands and knees
Early transitions sitting to quadruped or prone
7 mo
Sitting: Transitions from quadruped into sitting
Trunk rotation emerging
More smooth transitions to quadruped or prone
7 mo
Upright: Starting to pull self to stand at surfaces (all or nothing pattern)
Falls into sitting (lacks control)
7 mo
Fine Motor: Drops one object when reaching for another
Releases objects from hands
Raking with fingers to pick up small objects
7 mo
at what age does creeping begin
8 mo
Upright: Pulls to stand, more mature pattern (kneeling to ½ kneeling)
Starts to cruise laterally holding onto support surface
May be able to use abdominal support on surface to free hands to play
With hands held, stepping gait pattern
8 mo
Fine Motor: May drop, throw a toy, push/pull
Clumsy release
Can bang two blocks together in midline
8 mo
Oral Motor: Starts to understand “no”
Should respond to own name
8 mo
Sitting: Very functional position for babies to play and interact in
Solid sitters
Can reach well out of BOS and return to upright
Transition to quadruped for creeping
Heel sitting, ring/circle sitting, long sitting, side sitting, W sitting
9 mo
Upright: Pulling to stand on anything and everything
Cruising, now between support surfaces
Can do 2 handed walking, slightly more narrow BOS
9 mo
Fine Motor: Pokes/points with index finger
Emerging pincer grasp
Takes objects out of containers
9 mo
Oral Motor: “Bye-bye”
Mimics words/sounds from others
9 mo
Can sit/stabilize and use UE for more function (eg. self feeding)
Can lower self with more control from standing to sitting
With hands held, takes longer strides for assisted walking
May use push toy for early ambulation practice
10 mo
Fine Motor: Places toys between thumb and two fingers
Finger to thumb opposition
Controlled release into large container
10 mo
Oral Motor: Shakes head “yes” and “no”
Starts with first words
10 mo
See more varied leg positions (ex: side sitting)
More controlled trunk rotation
Using ½ kneeling and kneeling more
11 mo
Standing: Stand to squat to recover toy
Stands alone, no hands with wide BOS
Independent standing may be with “high guard” position of UE
11 mo
Oral Motor: Self feeding
Follows simple instructions
May attempt to name objects
11 mo
Fine Motor: Uses both hands freely, may start to show preference
Puts objects into container
11 mo
Stand from floor from quadruped without support surface
Bear standing
Independent standing
Weight shifting
First steps with high guard position
Moves into/out of squat position
12 mo
Fine Motor: Holds crayon (palm) and marks paper
Supination emerges
Attempts to stack items (blocks)
Rolls a ball
Starts to use spoon for self-feeding
12 mo
Oral Motor: 5-6 words
Repeats sounds
Jargon/baby speak
Gestures to get needs known
12 mo
Fine Motor: Marks a paper with crayon
Builds a 2 cube tower
12-15 mo
Gross Motor: Walking without support, starting to walk faster
Walks sideways
Creeping up stairs
12-15 mo
Fine Motor: Strings beads
Stacks cubes
Imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper
Holds crayon with thumb/fingers
16-24 mo
Gross Motor: Squats to play
Walks backwards
Walking upstairs/downstairs (2 feet each step)
Kicks stationary ball
Throws a ball
16-24 mo
Fine Motor: Open/closes jar
Turns a knob
Pushes large buttons
12-15 piece puzzles
2 yrs
Gross Motor: Rides tricycle
Walks on tiptoes
Runs
Alternates feet coming down stairs
Hops on one foot
2 yrs
Fine Motor: Controls crayon
Copies circle/cross
Cuts with scissors
Draws human figure with head and 2 extremities
3-4 yrs
Gross Motor: Throw a ball 10 feet
Walk a line
Hop 2-10x on one foot
Jump forward 24 inches
Jump over obstacle (12 inches)
Runs fast
Throws/catches small ball
3-4 yrs
Fine Motor: Hand preference
Prints well
Able to do all buttons/zippers
5-8 yrs
Gross Motor: Skips, gallops, jumps rope
Kicks moving ball with control
5-8 yrs
