Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Exam 2 > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

what is the strongest risk factor for developing active TB

A
  • HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what appears to accelerate the progression of HIV disease?

A
  • TB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MDR TB defined as resistant to which drugs?

A
  • INH (isoniazid)

- RIF (rifampin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

XDR TB defined as

A
  • MDR strain resistant to two classes of second line drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the BCG vaccine is which organism

A
  • mycobacterium bovis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what kind of pathogen is mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • facultative intracellular acid fast pathogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MTB lives primarily where

A
  • in macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what kind of stain do you use for TB

A
  • acid fast stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the defining and unique feature of the mycobacterial cell wall

A
  • mycolic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does mycolic acid form

A
  • myobacterial outer membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is there LPS in mycobacteria

A
  • no LPS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MTB is transmitted by

A
  • aerosols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can MTB survive in macrophages?

A
  • resistance reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species

- arrests phagosome maturation at a very early step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of response leads to macrophage activation and MTB control?

what presents the antigen?

A
  • TH1

- TB infected macrophages and dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are recruited to the site of infection in MTB control

A
  • antigen specific CD4 and CD8 T cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do antibodies play a role in MTB infection

A
  • no
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens after MTB infected macrophages are recognized by antigen specific CD4 and CD8 cell?

A
  • cytokine production that activates macrophages to control MTB replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which cytokine controls the TH1 response

what is it released by

what is the result of its release

A
  • IL-12
  • MTB infected macrophages
  • leads to CD4 differentiation along TH1 path
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what activates macrophages

what is it secreted by

what other chemical also helps to activate macrophages

A
  • interferon gamma
  • CD4 TH1 type T cells and CD8 T cells
  • TNF-alpha
20
Q

role of activated macrophages

A
  • exhibit more efficient phagosome-lysosome fusion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
21
Q

what do activated macrophages wall themselves into

A
  • a granuloma
22
Q

what is at the center of the granuloma

what composes the outside of the granuloma

A
  • central region of macrophages, fused macrophages, extracellular bacilli, dead macrophage debris
  • newly recruited activated macrophages and T cells (CD4 and CD8)
23
Q

what is the granuloma walled off by

name of the final product

importance of this

A
  • fibrin coat
  • tubercle
  • what you can see on the X ray
24
Q

what is LTBI

A
  • latent TB infection kept under control by cell mediated immune response
25
Q

what is active TB

A
  • reactivation of TB occurs and triggers an overly robust cell mediated immune response leading to lung damage and symptoms of infectious TB
26
Q

what happens in the cell that can help us realize the transition to active TB

A
  • granulomas liquifying and becoming and becoming a site for extracellular replication of TB
27
Q

symptoms of TB are due to

A
  • cytokine production (IL-1, TNF-alpha)
  • macrophage activation
  • CTLs
28
Q

TB in HIV+ individuals

why

A
  • primary infection not contained allowing MTB dissemination throughout the body leading to milliary TB

they don’t have enough T cells to wall off TB

29
Q

miliary TB differential diagnosis include

A
  • fungi

- metastatic tumor

30
Q

chance of TB reactivation after HIV infection

A
  • 10% each year
31
Q

IGRA test measures

A
  • IFN gamma production by T cells upon recognition of TB specific antigens not found in BCG
32
Q

MTB/RIF test measures

A
  • PCR for detection of MTB

- also determines rifampicin resistance

33
Q

which TB drugs are pro-drugs first

A
  • INH (Isoniazid)

- PZA (Pyrazinamide)

34
Q

cause of leprosy

A
  • Mycobacterium leprae
35
Q

forms of leprosy and type of response

A
  • tuberculoid leprosy (TH1 response)

- lepromatous leprosy (TH2 response)

36
Q

which form of leprosy is deformity due to nerve damage with its consequent ulcers and resorption of bone

A
  • tuberculoid leprosy
37
Q

which form of leprosy is activated nodulous lepromatous leprosy

A
  • lepromatous leprosy
38
Q

atypical mycobacteria common where in the US

A
  • southern and midwestern US
39
Q

mycobacterium avium complex found where

A
  • water supply
40
Q

mycobacterium avium transmitted by

A
  • inhalation or ingestion
41
Q

mycobacterium avium causes

A
  • pulmonary or disseminated disease
42
Q

mycobacterium abscessus frequent in which patients

A
  • bronchiectasis, COPD and CF patients
43
Q

mycobacterium abscessus causes which infection

A
  • chronic lung infection

- skin/soft tissue infections

44
Q

mycobacterium abscessus treatable with drugs?

A
  • highly resistant to drugs
45
Q

mycobacterium fortuitum infections associated with

A
  • nail salons & tattoo parlors

Respiratory Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions