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Respiratory Exam 2 > Intracellular Bacteria > Flashcards

Intracellular Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

extracellular pathogens replicate where

A
  • outside of the host
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2
Q

intracellular pathogens replicate where

A
  • inside host cells
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3
Q

obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates in vacuoles

A
  • chlamydia pneumoniae
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4
Q

facultative intracellular pathogen that replicates in vacuoles

A
  • legionella pneumophila
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5
Q

what do antibiotics of intracellular pathogens have to do in order to reach the site of infection

A
  • penetrate host cells
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6
Q

are antibodies helpful with intracellular pathogens

A
  • no
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7
Q

what is required to control and clear infection of intracellular pathogens

A
  • cell-mediated immunity
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8
Q

classification of legionella pneumophila

A
  • facultative intracellular

- gram negative bacterium

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9
Q

what does legionella pneumophila cause

A
  • acute pneumonia
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10
Q

is legionella pneumophila an obligate or opportunistic pathogen

A
  • opportunistic pathogen
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11
Q

risk factors of legionella pneumophila infection

A
  • inhalation of contaminated water
  • advanced age (50+)
  • cigarette smoking
  • COPD
  • tracheal intubation
  • immunosuppression
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12
Q

what other infection does legionella pneumophila also cause

what kind of condition is this

A
  • Pontiac fever

- upper respiratory; no pneumonia

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13
Q

in extracellular environment legionella pneumophila lives within

A
  • biofilms

- fresh-water amoeba

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14
Q

is legionella pneumophila viable

cultivable?

A
  • is viable

- is not cultivable

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15
Q

in intracellular environment, legionella pneumophila grows and survives in

A
  • legionella containing vacuoles in macrophages
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16
Q

legionella pneumophila - infected macrophages release _______ that recruit ___________ resulting in _________

A
  • release cytokines
  • recruit monocytes and neutrophils to the lungs
  • result in inflammation
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17
Q

legionella pneumophila - what released by macrophages helps control the infection

A
  • TNF alpha
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18
Q

legionella pneumophila - what response is produced by the antigen specific T cells to clear the infection

A
  • TH1 cell mediated immune response

- involving IFN-gamma

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19
Q

legionella pneumophila - how to diagnose

A
  • culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
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20
Q

legionella pneumophila treatment

A
  • macrolides (azithromycin)
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21
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae classification

A
  • obligate intracellular

- gram negative

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22
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae causes what condition

A
  • walking pneumonia
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23
Q

how is chlamydia pneumoniae spread

A
  • person-person by respiratory droplets
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24
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae can lead to pneumonia as a result of

A
  • chronic inflammatory response
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25
Q

chlamydia pneumoniae treatment

A
  • doxycycline
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26
Q

life cycle of chlamydia species

A
  • elementary bodies (GETTING CHLAMYDIA IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL)

- reticulate bodies

27
Q

what are elementary bodies of chlamydia species

A
  • metabolically inert but infectious form
28
Q

what are reticulate bodies of chlamydia species

A
  • metabolically active but noninfectious
29
Q

chlamydia species infect what inside the host

A
  • macrophages and epithelial cells
30
Q

chlamydia species how it survives in the host

A
  • modifies phagosomal membrane to block fusion with lysosome
31
Q

chlamydia species containing vacuole is called

A
  • inclusion body
32
Q

(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis most often associated with

A
  • birds
33
Q

(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis usual presentation is

A
  • URI
34
Q

(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis radiographic findings include

A
  • lobar or interstitial infiltration
35
Q

(chlamydia psittaci) psittacosis laboratory tests include

A
  • culture
  • serology
  • NAAT
36
Q

what kind of growth medium do you use for TB

A
  • lowenstein-jensen agar
37
Q

what kind of growth medium do you use for C. pneumoniae

A
  • tissue culture cells
38
Q

Name the intracellular bacteria

A

Mycobacterium (facultative)
Legionella (facultative)
Chlamydia (obligate)

39
Q

Examples of extracellular pathogens

A

Step. pneumo
Bordetella pertussis
H. influenzae

40
Q

many (but not all) ______ pathogens are cultivable in vitro

A

extracellular

41
Q

_________ intracellular can be grown in vitro without host cells

A

facultative

42
Q

sexually transmitted strain of chlamydia

A

chalmydia trachomatis

43
Q

Name the pathogens that replicate intracellular in specialized vacuoles

A 
chlamydia pneumoniae (obligate) 
legionells pneumophila (facultative)
44
Q

Are antibiotics useful against chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella?

A

no

cell-mediated immunity required to control and clear infection

45
Q

all viruses are obligate ________ pathoens

A

intracellular

46
Q

causes acute pneumonia

A

Legionella

47
Q

causes legionnaire’s disease; spread through air conditioning

A

legionella

48
Q

Biggest risk factor for L. pneumophilia disease

A

immunocompromised hosts

49
Q

Is L. pneumophilia spread person-to-person?

A

NO - spread through inhalation of contaminated water

50
Q

Pontiac fever is caused by

A

Legionella

51
Q

What is Pontiac fever

A

flu-like illness in IMMUNOCOMPETENT hosts

most pts. recover without treatment in a week

52
Q

In the environement, extracellular legionella are _____ but ______. They persist in _____

A

viable

not-cultivate

biofilms

53
Q

grows within fresh-water amoeba

A

legionella

54
Q

Diagnosing Legionella is difficult because

A
  • bacteria not present in large numbers in sputum
  • stain poorly
  • clinical features not distinctive
55
Q

Best method to diagnose legionella

A

culture the organism on “buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar”

takes 3-5 days

56
Q

Do legionella infections result in increased cold agluttinins?

A

NO!!

no increase in cold agluttinins with legionella

57
Q

chlamydia transmission

A

spread person-to-person (respiratory droplets)

58
Q

C. penumoniae is related to

A

C. trachomatis (STD) and C. psittaci (zoonotic)

59
Q

What infection is hard to distinguish from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

60
Q

Why is chlamydia pneumonia difficult to diagnose

A

lack of well-standardized tests

61
Q

Psittacosis caused by

A

C. pisittaci

most often associated with psittacine birds (parrots)

outbreaks amongst poultry plant workers

62
Q

Psittacosis infection

A

ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe systemic disease with pneumonia

upper respiratory illness

CXR: lobar or interstitial infiltrates

63
Q

L. pneumonia is a gram - _______

A

rod

Respiratory Exam 2 (18 decks)

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