TB Flashcards
what is the treatment of active TB
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinemaide, Ethanbutamol for 2 months
Rifampicin and Isoniazid for a further 4 months
side effects of Rifampicin
fluids turn orange, makes oral contraception less effective, liver disturbance
side effects of isoniazid
liver function disturbance, optic neuritis, renal failure
side effects of Pyrazinemaide
hepatotoxicity, hepatomegaly, jaundice
side effects of ethanbutamol
optic neuritis
what are the methods of diagnosis (apart from history)
ZN stain
sputum culture
PCR
what type of necrosis is associated with it
caseating or cheesy
what type of granulomas is associated with it
multinucleate giant cell granulomas
If TB is diagnosed what must also be tested for
HIV
healed TB will cause
scarring
shrinking
calcification
what lobe is it mainly found in
upper lobe
where are the crackles found
upper zone
what are the general symptoms
weight loss
malaise
night sweats
what are the respiratory symptoms
cough
hemoptysis
SOB
upper zone crackles
what causes TB (2)
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
what is TB
a chronic, mycobacterial infection described in many body sites
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is it
type IV (delayed)
what is the pathological BUZZWORD for TB
granulomas with cheesy necrosis
what is the criteria for latent TB
no evidence of active TB
evidence of previous TB exposure
investigations for latent TB
IGRA - blood test
TST (tuberculin test, skin test)
what is the treatment of latent TB
manage: 6 months of isoniazid OR 3 months of isoniazid + rifampicin
leave it alone
risk factors for latent TB (4)
history of TB prior to 1960
Anti-TNF treatment
exposure to high prevalence area (africa)
steroids/immunosuppressants
what are the BUZZWORD symptoms
night sweats
weight loss
haemoptysis
what is the BUZZWORD history
homeless
recent travel to indue (or similar)
