pleural effusion + empysema Flashcards
1
Q
what is a pleural effusion
A
build up at fluid in the pleural space
2
Q
what is transudate effusion
A
<30g protein
3
Q
what causes transudate effusion
A
Cardiac failure
pericarditis
4
Q
what is exudate effusion
A
> 30g protein
5
Q
what causes exudate effusion
A
pneumonia TB cancer MI pancreatitis
6
Q
what is a simple effusion
A
clear fluid
pH > 7.2
7
Q
what is a complicated effusion
A
pH < 7.2
8
Q
symptoms of pleural effusion
A
SOB
cough
fever
sometimes pain
9
Q
what could be seen on CXR
A
no costophrenic angle
raised hemidiaphragm
“D sign”
10
Q
treatment of effusion
A
treat underlying cause (diuretics)
drain if large
11
Q
what is empyema
A
pus in the pleural space
12
Q
symptoms of empyema
A
slow to resolve pneumonia
persisting effusion
13
Q
treatment of empyema
A
IV antibiotics (broad spec) chest drain
