oxygen therapy + resp failure

Question 1

what are the normal range of O2 saturation

Answer 1

94-98%

Question 2

what are the target saturations in type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 2

88-92%

Question 3

list the 4 different types of O2 delivery

Answer 3

1. nasal cannula
2. simple face mask
3. venturi mask
4. non-rebreather mask

Question 4

how much O2 can be delivered via nasal cannula

Answer 4

2-5L/min

Question 5

how much O2 can be delivered via simple face mask

Answer 5

completely variable and unknown as room air is allowed in

Question 6

how much O2 can be delivered via Venturi mask (4 different amounts)

Answer 6

24%, 28%, 35% up to 60%

Question 7

when should you use a Venturi mask

Answer 7

if there is a risk of type 2 respiratory failure

Question 8

how much O2 can be delivered via non-rebreather mask

Answer 8

60-80%

Question 9

when should you use a non-rebreather mask

Answer 9

during critical illness

Question 10

how can type 1 resp failure be identified

Answer 10

low O2 (primary hypoxemia)

Question 11

how can type 2 resp failure be identified

Answer 11

low O2, high CO2

Question 12

if good lungs undergo type 1 resp failure what will happen in relation to PO2 and CO2

Answer 12

tidal volume or RR will increase causing normal PO2 and low CO2

if they get tired PO2 will drop and CO2 will become normal

Question 13

if bad lungs undergo type 1 resp failure what will happen in relation to PO2 and CO2

Answer 13

low PO2 and normal CO2, if they get tires PO2 will remain low and PCO2 will get high which is acute type 2 failure

Question 14

what is the effects of hypoxia

Answer 14

altered mental state
cyanosis
dyspneoa
tachypnoea
arrhythmia
hyperventilation 
pass out

Question 15

causes of hypoxic hypoxemia

Answer 15

low inspired O2 (high altitude)
alveolar hypertension (drug overdose, blocked airway - severe kyphoscoliosis/obese)
impaired diffusion
V/Q mismatch (shunt or dead space)