Respiratory infections

Question 1

what is respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 1

illness specific to pre-term babies

Due to a lack of surfactant using impaired gas exchange

Question 2

what are the symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 2

complete or partial collapse of lung/lung lobe
struggling to breathe
cyanosis

Question 3

treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 3

steroids given to mum before birth
intubation
pre-made surfactant

Question 4

what is associated with respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 4

pneumothorax

Question 5

what can develop and last for the next 2-3yrs after respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 5

wheeze

Question 6

what is bronchiolitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the bronchi potentially causing occlusion

Question 7

what is bronchiolitis preceded by

Answer 7

URTI

cough

Question 8

what age is affected by bronchiolitis

Answer 8

children under 18 months

Question 9

risk factors for developing bronchiolitis

Answer 9

preterm

smoking household

Question 10

what is the cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 10

RSV - 90%

Question 11

what does RSV cause

Answer 11

bronchiolitis

Question 12

investigations for bronchiolitis

Answer 12

perinasal swab

throat swab

Question 13

treatment of bronchiolitis

Answer 13

supportive

Question 14

what can occur for the next 10yrs after bronchiolitis

Answer 14

wheeze

Question 15

what is whooping cough also known as

Answer 15

pertussis

Question 16

what age is affected by whooping cough

Answer 16

2-7yrs old

Question 17

what causes whooping cough

Answer 17

bordetella pertussis

Question 18

what virus can occur as a co-infection in whooping cough

Answer 18

RSV

Question 19

inspiratory whoop is a buzzword for what

Answer 19

whooping cough

Question 20

what is the feel-tale symptom of whooping cough

Answer 20

INSPIRATORY whoop

Question 21

investigation for whooping cough

Answer 21

perinasal swab

Question 22

treatment for whooping cough

Answer 22

erythromycin

admission and ventilation (1%)

Question 23

what is croup also known as

Answer 23

laryngealtracheobronchitis

Question 24

what is the common cause of croup

Answer 24

parainfluenza virus

Question 25

what is the treatment of croup

Answer 25

oral corticosteroid to reduce inflammation (dexamethasone)

Question 26

what age is most affected by croup

Answer 26

under 6yrs old

Question 27

what is epiglottitis

Answer 27

severe form of croup in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed

Question 28

what age is most affected by epiglottitis

Answer 28

2-7yrs old

Question 29

what is the cause of epiglottitis

Answer 29

haemophilus influenza B

Question 30

what is the key symptom associated with epiglottitis

Answer 30

drooling - unable to swallow their saliva

Question 31

drooling is a buzzword for

Answer 31

epiglottitis

Question 32

what symptom is ALWAYS present with epiglottitis

Answer 32

sore throat

Question 33

treatment of epiglottitis

Answer 33

IV ceftriaxone | chloramphenciol if penicillin allergic

Question 34

what is the difference between croup and epiglottitis

Answer 34

``` epiglottitis = drooling + NO cough croup = NO drooling + cough ```

Question 35

what is coryza also known as

Answer 35

the cold

Question 36

what is coryza

Answer 36

URTI that affects the nasal passages

Question 37

what is the most common cause of coryza

Answer 37

rhinovirus

Question 38

what is acute sinusitis often preceded by

Answer 38

the cold

Question 39

what is acute sinusitis

Answer 39

infection of the paranasal sinuses

Question 40

what is acute bronchitis

Answer 40

inflammation of the small bronchioles A cold that "goes to the chest"

Question 41

what is acute bronchitis preceded by

Answer 41

the cold

Question 42

what is empyema

Answer 42

pus in the pleura space

Question 43

when does empyema usually occur

Answer 43

occurs during the resolution of pneumonia

Question 44

what is the treatment of empyema

Answer 44

aspiration of fluid | chest drain

Question 45

what does the fluid aspirated in empyema look like

Answer 45

yellow and cloudy

Question 46

what is the key symptom of flu

Answer 46

high fever with an abrupt onset

Question 47

what is the test for flu

Answer 47

PCR via a nasopharyngeal or throat swab

Question 48

what causes pharyngitis

Answer 48

adenovirus

Question 49

how is the cough in croup described as

Answer 49

"barking cough"

Question 50

a "barking cough" is a buzzword for what

Answer 50

croup

Question 51

what type of influenza cause pandemics

Answer 51

Influenza A

Question 52

'steeple sign" on CXR is a buzzword for what

Answer 52

croup

Question 53

"thumbprint sign" oh head XR is a buzzword for what

Answer 53

epiglottitis