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Resp - mine > Respiratory infections > Flashcards

Respiratory infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome

A

illness specific to pre-term babies

Due to a lack of surfactant using impaired gas exchange

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2
Q

what are the symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome

A

complete or partial collapse of lung/lung lobe
struggling to breathe
cyanosis

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3
Q

treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

A

steroids given to mum before birth
intubation
pre-made surfactant

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4
Q

what is associated with respiratory distress syndrome

A

pneumothorax

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5
Q

what can develop and last for the next 2-3yrs after respiratory distress syndrome

A

wheeze

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6
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi potentially causing occlusion

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7
Q

what is bronchiolitis preceded by

A

URTI

cough

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8
Q

what age is affected by bronchiolitis

A

children under 18 months

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9
Q

risk factors for developing bronchiolitis

A

preterm

smoking household

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10
Q

what is the cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV - 90%

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11
Q

what does RSV cause

A

bronchiolitis

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12
Q

investigations for bronchiolitis

A

perinasal swab

throat swab

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13
Q

treatment of bronchiolitis

A

supportive

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14
Q

what can occur for the next 10yrs after bronchiolitis

A

wheeze

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15
Q

what is whooping cough also known as

A

pertussis

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16
Q

what age is affected by whooping cough

A

2-7yrs old

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17
Q

what causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

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18
Q

what virus can occur as a co-infection in whooping cough

A

RSV

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19
Q

inspiratory whoop is a buzzword for what

A

whooping cough

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20
Q

what is the feel-tale symptom of whooping cough

A

INSPIRATORY whoop

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21
Q

investigation for whooping cough

A

perinasal swab

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22
Q

treatment for whooping cough

A

erythromycin

admission and ventilation (1%)

23
Q

what is croup also known as

A

laryngealtracheobronchitis

24
Q

what is the common cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

25
Q

what is the treatment of croup

A

oral corticosteroid to reduce inflammation (dexamethasone)

26
Q

what age is most affected by croup

A

under 6yrs old

27
Q

what is epiglottitis

A

severe form of croup in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed

28
Q

what age is most affected by epiglottitis

A

2-7yrs old

29
Q

what is the cause of epiglottitis

A

haemophilus influenza B

30
Q

what is the key symptom associated with epiglottitis

A

drooling - unable to swallow their saliva

31
Q

drooling is a buzzword for

A

epiglottitis

32
Q

what symptom is ALWAYS present with epiglottitis

A

sore throat

33
Q

treatment of epiglottitis

A

IV ceftriaxone

chloramphenciol if penicillin allergic

34
Q

what is the difference between croup and epiglottitis

A 
epiglottitis = drooling + NO cough
croup = NO drooling + cough
35
Q

what is coryza also known as

A

the cold

36
Q

what is coryza

A

URTI that affects the nasal passages

37
Q

what is the most common cause of coryza

A

rhinovirus

38
Q

what is acute sinusitis often preceded by

A

the cold

39
Q

what is acute sinusitis

A

infection of the paranasal sinuses

40
Q

what is acute bronchitis

A

inflammation of the small bronchioles

A cold that “goes to the chest”

41
Q

what is acute bronchitis preceded by

A

the cold

42
Q

what is empyema

A

pus in the pleura space

43
Q

when does empyema usually occur

A

occurs during the resolution of pneumonia

44
Q

what is the treatment of empyema

A

aspiration of fluid

chest drain

45
Q

what does the fluid aspirated in empyema look like

A

yellow and cloudy

46
Q

what is the key symptom of flu

A

high fever with an abrupt onset

47
Q

what is the test for flu

A

PCR via a nasopharyngeal or throat swab

48
Q

what causes pharyngitis

A

adenovirus

49
Q

how is the cough in croup described as

A

“barking cough”

50
Q

a “barking cough” is a buzzword for what

A

croup

51
Q

what type of influenza cause pandemics

A

Influenza A

52
Q

‘steeple sign” on CXR is a buzzword for what

A

croup

53
Q

“thumbprint sign” oh head XR is a buzzword for what

A

epiglottitis

Resp - mine (18 decks)

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