Respiratory infections Flashcards
what is respiratory distress syndrome
illness specific to pre-term babies
Due to a lack of surfactant using impaired gas exchange
what are the symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome
complete or partial collapse of lung/lung lobe
struggling to breathe
cyanosis
treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
steroids given to mum before birth
intubation
pre-made surfactant
what is associated with respiratory distress syndrome
pneumothorax
what can develop and last for the next 2-3yrs after respiratory distress syndrome
wheeze
what is bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchi potentially causing occlusion
what is bronchiolitis preceded by
URTI
cough
what age is affected by bronchiolitis
children under 18 months
risk factors for developing bronchiolitis
preterm
smoking household
what is the cause of bronchiolitis
RSV - 90%
what does RSV cause
bronchiolitis
investigations for bronchiolitis
perinasal swab
throat swab
treatment of bronchiolitis
supportive
what can occur for the next 10yrs after bronchiolitis
wheeze
what is whooping cough also known as
pertussis
what age is affected by whooping cough
2-7yrs old
what causes whooping cough
bordetella pertussis
what virus can occur as a co-infection in whooping cough
RSV
inspiratory whoop is a buzzword for what
whooping cough
what is the feel-tale symptom of whooping cough
INSPIRATORY whoop
investigation for whooping cough
perinasal swab
treatment for whooping cough
erythromycin
admission and ventilation (1%)
what is croup also known as
laryngealtracheobronchitis
what is the common cause of croup
parainfluenza virus
what is the treatment of croup
oral corticosteroid to reduce inflammation (dexamethasone)
what age is most affected by croup
under 6yrs old
what is epiglottitis
severe form of croup in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed
what age is most affected by epiglottitis
2-7yrs old
what is the cause of epiglottitis
haemophilus influenza B
what is the key symptom associated with epiglottitis
drooling - unable to swallow their saliva
drooling is a buzzword for
epiglottitis
what symptom is ALWAYS present with epiglottitis
sore throat
treatment of epiglottitis
IV ceftriaxone
chloramphenciol if penicillin allergic
what is the difference between croup and epiglottitis
epiglottitis = drooling + NO cough croup = NO drooling + cough
what is coryza also known as
the cold
what is coryza
URTI that affects the nasal passages
what is the most common cause of coryza
rhinovirus
what is acute sinusitis often preceded by
the cold
what is acute sinusitis
infection of the paranasal sinuses
what is acute bronchitis
inflammation of the small bronchioles
A cold that “goes to the chest”
what is acute bronchitis preceded by
the cold
what is empyema
pus in the pleura space
when does empyema usually occur
occurs during the resolution of pneumonia
what is the treatment of empyema
aspiration of fluid
chest drain
what does the fluid aspirated in empyema look like
yellow and cloudy
what is the key symptom of flu
high fever with an abrupt onset
what is the test for flu
PCR via a nasopharyngeal or throat swab
what causes pharyngitis
adenovirus
how is the cough in croup described as
“barking cough”
a “barking cough” is a buzzword for what
croup
what type of influenza cause pandemics
Influenza A
‘steeple sign” on CXR is a buzzword for what
croup
“thumbprint sign” oh head XR is a buzzword for what
epiglottitis
