Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

401 - Content > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

Is TB caused by virus or bacteria if so what is the most common causative organism

A

Bacteria -

Myobacterium TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List causative organisms

A

• mycobacterium TB
• M. Bovis (anima to human or via unpasturised milk)
• m.african (mainly in west Africa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can latent or inactive TB spread from one person to another

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the pathogenesis

A
  1. Infected aerosol droplets which contain myobacterium TB enters the air via infected person (can remain in air for hours)
  2. Once inhaled it enters the alveoli where macrophages engulf it.
  3. Macrophages recruit T cells and other inflam cells forming a granuloma around the bacteria.

This is latent TB, asymptomatic and does not spread

  1. however in immunosuppressed individuals the bacteria can reactivate into active TB, where it escapes granuloma and replicate.

In active TB, bacteria can enter blood stream via lymphatic system to other organs - dismounted TB (millary TB), affecting kidneys, brain, bones and liver

  1. Cavitary lesions occur - from tissue destruction in the alveoli. This can increase risk of transmission (visible on chest x ray)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TB risk factors

A

remember risk factors do not need to be present

• < 5 years
• born in a area with high prevalence
• take immunosuppressive agents - corticosteroids
• co-morbidities (CKD) or Kidney transplant, diabeties
• hx of TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical presentations of active TB

A

• low grade fever
• night sweats
• sputum production
• weight loss
• anorexia
• heamoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Locations of extra pulmonary TB

A

• lymph nodes (most common)
• CNS
• joints/bones
• abdominal area
• plurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Millary TB?

A

When bacteria entered blood stream and affects organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary TB

A

• breathlessness
• heamoptysis
• persistent productive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of joint and bone pain indicates what type of TB (extrapulmonary)

A

Skeletal TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of abdominal pain?

A

GI TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urinary symptoms

A

Genitoururinary TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sterile pyuria (WBC in urine)

A

Renal TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of headache, vomiting, confusuion and cranial nerve pain

A

Meningitis TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of breathlessness, chest pain and ankle swelling?

A

Pericarditis TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ocular symptoms?

A

Ocular TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tests/investigations for Latent TB?

A

• Mantoux test (skin test)
• IGRA

18
Q

Differential Diagnosis of TB

A

• COPD
• ASHMA
• lung cancer
• COVID
• fever
• cough

19
Q

Who should the doctor inform about active TB?

A

Local public health - to help track and trace

20
Q

Should the doctor inform public health about latent TB

A

No

21
Q

What is the TB vaccine

A

BCG - contains a live strain of mycobacterium Bovis

22
Q

Who should the BCG vaccine be offered to?

A

• infants at high exposure
• children living with those with respiratory disorders
• <35 at occupational risk

23
Q

What treatment is used in the initial phase of active TB?

A

rivampicine + isoniazide (with pyridoxine) + Ethanbutol + pyrazinamide

For 2 months

24
Q

What treatment is used in continuous phase

A

rivampicine + isoniazide (with pyridoxine)

For another 4 months (6 month of treatment in total)

25
Q

What drugs are used for treatment in Latent TB (2 options

A

rifampicin + isoniazide (with pyridoxine) - 3m

isoniazide (with pyridoxine) - 6 m

26
Q

Which agent is a pro drug

A

Pyrazinamide

27
Q

Rifampicin moa?

A

Inhibits RNA synthesis and binds to b subunit

28
Q

Isonizide MOA

A

inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

29
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

Disrupts mycobacterium cell wall

30
Q

Pyrazinamide MOA

A

Accumulates the acidic environments of the the bacteria and affects its energy

31
Q

Which drug affects the eyes and thus eye test is required?

A

Ethambutol (by snellen chart)

32
Q

Which drug turn urine red

A

Rifampicin

33
Q

Which drug increases uric acid?

A

Ethambutol

34
Q

Which drug should be avoided in patients with gout

A

Pyrazinamide

35
Q

Why is isoiazide taken with Pyridoxine

A

Isoniazide can cause neuropathy so it is taken with this B6 vitamin

36
Q

What is DOT and who is it offered to

A

Directly observed therapy

Offered to:
• hx or current poor adherence
• hx of homelessness
• hx drug miss-use
• previous treatment to TB
• those in denial of TB
• cognitive disorder
• those who ask
• have been to prison within last 5 years

37
Q

Is TB curable?

A

Yes

38
Q

Why is TB common in those with HIV

A

In HIV CD4 cells decrease (weakening of immune system)

CD4 cells are key in TB, they activate macrophages to kill bacteria and form granulomas

39
Q

Is M. TB Aerobic or anaerobic

A

Aerobic (needs oxygen)

Remember lungs are oxygen rich

40
Q

Is cavitation more prominent in latent or active tb

A

Active tb

41
Q

Does TB bacci stain red/pink or blue

A

Red/pink

42
Q

When reactivation occurs after latent TB, where in the lungs does it multiple

A

Upper lungs - oxygen levels are high promoting bacterial growth

401 - Content (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions