COVID 19 Flashcards
This is caused by which virus
SARS-COV-2
SARS-COV-2 & ACE2 relationship?
The virus binds to ACE on respiratory endothelial lining
Cause a down regulation of ACE2 in respiratory system
Results in:
• inflammation
• tissue damage
• increase in bp
Risk factors
• increase age
• male
• co-morbidities
• black and Asian decent
• health and social care workers
Diagnosis
• LFT
• PCR
• blood - serology
What condition can COVID-19 lead to
ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Symptoms
• SOB
• headache
• fever
• chill
• loss of taste
• loss of smell
Severe symptoms
• severe SOB
• reduce urine output
• confusion
• cynosis
• hypoxia
• heamoptysis
Those being treated in the community, what advise would you give
• vaccinations
• social distancing
• testing at home
• symtomp management with OTC - paracetamol, ibuprofen, antihistamines
Those at high risk will be treated in hospital or Covid medical delivery units (CMDUs), who are those at high risk
• Down syndrome
• received organ transplant
• hepatic impairment
• renal impairment
• immune deficiencies
• taking oral corticosteroids
Nirmatrelvir + Ritonavir is first line - what is the moa of both drugs
Nirmatrelvir - inhibits SARS-Cov-2 replication
Ritonavir - inhibits CYP3A enzyme, decreasing metabolism of Nirmatrelvir, increase its plasma concentration
Is this oral or iv
How many days of symptom onset should it begin
Oral
Within 5 days
Who is eligible for this.
• 70+
• diabetes
• HF
• no need for supplemental oxygen
• BMI 31+
2nd line: sotrovimab moa
Binds to the spike proteins on SARS-COV-2, inhibiting virus from affecting other human cells
Monoclonal antibody
Is this oral
How many days of symptom onset should it begin
IV -
Within 5 days of symptom onset
Eligible
Those who do not need supplemental oxygen
3rd line: remdesivir - moa
Inhibits viral RNA, inhibiting SARS-COV-2 replication
Is this oral or iv
Who is it indicated for
IV
• those with pneumonia who need low flow oxygen
• immune comprised with pneumonia
• don’t need oxygen but at high risk of severe covid-19 infection
Eligiblity criteria
Between ages of 4 weeks and 17 years, and weigh at least 3kg and:
• have pneumonia + need oxygen or weigh at least 40kg and are high risk
treatment in hospital
4th line: Molnupiravir - moa
ribonucleoide analogue, which creates mutation in viral RNA, inhibiting its abbility to replicate
Oral and start within 5 days of symptoms onset
When can dexomethasone be used
For those who need supplemental oxygen or are hypoxic
Given for 10 days or until discharge is sooner
It’s moa?
Binds to glucorticoid receptors and promote anti-inflammatory response
Is it given via iv or oral
Both
What are some alternatives?
Prednisone
Corticosteroids
What is a common secondary condition of COVID
Pneumonia
What complications (conditions) can occur with COVID
• AKI - keep hydrated
• VTE - LMWH
• acute MI
• sepsis
Acute MI monitoring
• ECG, BP and heart rate
Is the onset quick in influenza or Covid
Influenza
Which is more likely to cause runny nose and congestion - covid or inFLUenza
Influenza
