TB Flashcards
How is TB classification divided?
Primary Primary progressive Latent Secondary (miliary TB= uncontrolled disseminated infection)
Three risk factors for TB?
- grew up or spent time in area of high endemicity
- UK resident born before 1960
- HIV
- Contact of known TB case
- Immunocompromised
- Homeless, alcohol, drugs
Which pathogen causes TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
Two causes for reactivation of TB/ secondary TB?
after immunosuppression, HIV, or smoking
What is a ghon complex?
Ghon’s complex is a lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a Ghon focus in peripheral lung along with pulmonary lymphadenopathy within a nearby pulmonary lymph node.
At which stage of TB is a ghon complex observed?
primary TB
Which type of necrosis is observed in TB?
caseous
What is miliary TB?
a severe type of TB where infection has spread beyond the lungs where bacteria have breached circulatory system
Two complications of TB infection?
renal failure, CNS infection, TB osteomyelitis
Two components of a TB granuloma?
giant cell, epithelioid cells, caseous necrosis, lymphocytes
Which is the most important cell in fighting TB infection?
macrophage
Which test is used to detect TB?
Mantoux test
+
T-SPOT TB is an in vitro diagnostic test for the detection of effector T cells that respond to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and is intended for use as an aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.
What is the treatment of TB?
rifampicin- 6m isonizid- 6m pyranzinamide- 2m ethambutol- 2m RIPE
Which two antibiotics are continued throughout the treatment course?
rifampicin and isoniazid
Which drug is given to prevent neuropathy in TB?
pyridoxine/B6
State three organ systems affected by TB
Respiratory CNS Bone Adrenals Skin GU
Three pulmonary symptoms of TB?
cough fever, night sweats, weight loss haemoptysis pleural effusion pleurisy
Three CNS features of TB?
meningitis- headache, fever, vomiting, meningism
Name a bone complication of TB
vertebral collapse, pott’s spine/pott disease
Vaccine that protects against TB?
BCG
One SE of isoniazid?
peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis
SE of rifampicin?
orange urine, hepatitis
SE ethambutol?
eye symptoms- colour recognition, focusing, pain= optic neuritis
SE of pyrazinamide?
hepatitis, N/V, arthralgia
Three investigations for TB?
Tuberculin skin test= Mantoux test
CXR
PCR
Microscopy for AFB- acid fast bacillus test
Two features on CXR of TB patient?
consolidation
cavitation
fibrosis
calcification
Which stain is used to test for TB?
AFB smear- ziehl-neelsen stain
If TB meningitis is confirmed, which drug is added on to RIPE regimen?
dexamethasone/steroid
