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Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 > Taxonomy and Structure > Flashcards

Taxonomy and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Define frank pathogen

A

-Capable of causing disease in any host
-Always considered a pathogen when isolated

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2
Q

Define opportunistic pathogen

A

-Capable of causing disease given opportunity
-Often commensal part of normal host flora

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3
Q

Define non pathogens

A

-Don’t really cause disease, unless weakened immune system

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4
Q

Calculate disease

A

Disease = number of organisms x virulence of organisms / resistance of host

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5
Q

Why are bacterial classification schemes artificial

A

-Speed up identification process
-Identify bacteria using limited characteristics

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6
Q

What does bacterial nomenclature involves use of

A

-Binomial system to assign genus and species
-Specific conventions for naming

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7
Q

What is bacterial naming normally based on

A

-Morphological, biochemical, serological tests
-Nucleic acid profile –> DNA, RNA

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8
Q
A

-Single cocci
-Paired cocci
-Chain cocci
-Cluster cocci
-Tetrad cocci

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9
Q
A

-Coccobacilli
-Club shaped bacilli
-Round end bacilli
-Square end bacilli

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10
Q
A

-Fusiform bacilli
-Vibrios
-Spirillum

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11
Q
A

-Borrelia
-Treponema
-Leptospira

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12
Q
A

-Sarcinae

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13
Q

Characteristics of gram positive bacteria

A

-purple color
-thick peptidoglycan

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14
Q

Characteristics of gram negative bacteria

A

-red color
-thin peptidoglycan
-lipid rich outer membrane

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15
Q

What does the penicillin binding protein synthesize

A

-peptidoglycans

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16
Q

What do antibiotics do to amino acids linked to carbohydrates

A

-break down linkages
-break peptidoglycan
-lyse cell

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17
Q

What does lysozyme of penicillin cause

A

-cytoplasmic membrane blebbing
hypotonic environment
-membrane fragments

18
Q

What are mycolic acids and where are they found

A

-acid fast bacteria
-found in Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Mycobacterium

19
Q

What is LPS

A

-lipopolysaccharides
-predominant lipid in outer leaflet of outer membrane of gram negative cells
-prototypical endotoxin

20
Q

describe flagella and what does it allow

A

-filamentous appendages composed of flagellin monomers
-allow for motility

21
Q

describe glycocalyx and what it inhibits

A

-capsule of slime layer composed of carbohydrates or glycoproteins
-inhibits phagocytosis and antibiotic uptake

22
Q

describe pili and what does it allow

A

-filamentous appendage composed of pilin monomers
-allow adhesion (fimbriae) and DNA transfer (sex pili)

23
Q

bio degrative pathways

A

-catabolic
-produce ATP
-metabolic end products – acids, bases, gases

24
Q

biosynthetic pathwyas

A

-anabolic
-consume ATP
-biopolymers – proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides

25
Q

what is fermentation

A

-anaerobic process
-utilization of glucose to create lactic acid and produce ATP

26
Q

what is respiration

A

-substrate to oxidized product
-oxidative phosphorylation

27
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

-light absorbed by pigments used to generate ATP

28
Q

define photoautotroph

A

-self feeding
-energy source is light
-carbon source is CO2
-photosynthetic bacteria

29
Q

define photoheterotroph

A

-energy source is light compounds
-carbon source is organic non sulfur compounds
-purple and green bacteria

30
Q

define chemoautotroph

A

-energy source is electrons from inorganic compounds
-carbon source is CO2
-hydrogen, nitrogen, iron, and nitrifying bacteria

31
Q

define chemoheterotroph

A

-energy source is electrons from organic compounds
-carbon source is organic compounds
-most bacteria, all fungi, protozoans, animals

32
Q

thermophiles

A

-min 40-45C
-max 60-80C
-optimum 55-75C

33
Q

mesophiles

A

-min 10-15C
-max 35-47C
-optimum 30-45C

34
Q

psychrophiles

A

-min -5-+5C
-max 19-22C
-optimum 15-18C

35
Q

define aerobic

A

-requires oxygen
-respiration

36
Q

define anaerobic

A

-requires no oxygen
-fermentation
-O2 byproducts toxic

37
Q

define facultative anaerobe

A
  • grows with or without oxygen
    -does better in air, but can do fermentation
38
Q

define microaerophilic

A

-requires reduced oxygen

39
Q

define capnophilic

A

-only grow in air with additional CO2

40
Q

what are the two basic types of culture media

A

-defined, simple
-enriched, complex

41
Q

what is metabolism

A

-net result of biochemical activities associated with catabolic and anabolic pathways

Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 (26 decks)

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