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Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 > Identification, Disinfection > Flashcards

Identification, Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q
A

-streaking culture technique

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2
Q
A

-serial dilutions culture technique

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3
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

-selective and differential media
-differentiates lactose utilizers
-red = lactose utilizers
-white = don’t utilize lactose
-selects against gram positive bacteria

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4
Q

how to tell if spores present

A

-refractile to gram stain – colorless hole in cell

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5
Q

motility test - wet mounts

A

-direct microscopic observations
-left negative
-right positive

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6
Q

motility test - motility culture media

A

-soft agar stab
-left nonmotile
-right motile

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7
Q

H, O, K antigens

A

-H antigens - flagella –> protein
-O antigens - LPS –> polysaccharides
-K antigens - capsule –> polysaccharides or protein

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8
Q

what serological test is used for initial screenings of colonies than may be Salmonella

A

-slide agglutination

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9
Q

what serological tests do you not need to isolate pathogen for and can use patient’s serum

A

-ELISA
-latex agglutination
-Western blotting

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10
Q

what is triple iron media used for

A

-differentiate enteric bacteria based on ability to ferment sugars, produce H2S, produce gas

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11
Q

Triple iron media

A

-non fermenter
-alkaline slant, alkaline deep

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12
Q

Triple iron media

A

-non lactose fermenter
-alkaline slant, acid deep
-acids produced can result in orange to yellow color

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13
Q

Triple iron media

A

-lactose and sucrose fermenters
-acid slant, acid deep

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14
Q

Triple iron media

A
  • non lactose fermenters, H2S producer
    -alkaline slant, H2S deep
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15
Q

what is protein degradation

A

-following hydrolysis of peptide bonds, amino acids are catabolized

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16
Q

deamination

A

deaminase

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17
Q

desulfurylation

A

sulfurylase

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18
Q

decarboxylation

A

decarboxylase

19
Q

combined tests for biochemcial characteristics

A

-enterotube
-API20E system

20
Q

what is a prerequisite prior to testing

A

isolation of homogenous culture

21
Q

define decontamination

A

-cleaning to eliminate risk of infection
-reduction in pathogenic organisms

22
Q

define disinfection

A

-elimination of most pathogenic organisms, including spores

23
Q

define sterilization

A

-elimination of all living organisms

24
Q

moist heat

A

-denaturing of proteins
-autoclave

25
Q

dry heat

A

-limited to inanimate heat resistant objects

26
Q

incineration

A

-fast, but expensive
-elimination of pathogen contaminated materials (bandages, carcasses, tissues)

27
Q

ultraviolet radiation

A

-thymine dimer distorts DNA
-endonuclease cuts out region with thymine dimer
-repair synthesis by DNA polymerase
-DNA ligase seals new strand to old strand

28
Q

ionizing radiation (ozone)

A

-x rays, gamma rays
-produce oxygen radical and OH radical from water
-disruption of covalent bonds
-sterilization of inanimate heat sensitive materials

29
Q

liquid filtration

A

-average pore size 0.2 um
-bacteria average 0.5 um
-sterilize liquids that are heat sensitive

30
Q

air filtration

A

-high efficiency particulate air filter
-99.999% of 0.12 um particles

31
Q

alkylating chemical agents

A

-gaseous and liquids
-reactive with carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl groups of proteins
-sterilize things sensitive to heat

32
Q

sonication

A

-vibrating probe
-bubbles bombard cells and lyse them

33
Q

define MEC

A

-minimum effective concentration of a germicide required to achieve advertised microbial activity

34
Q

what is the gradient of microbial activity on bacteria of disinfectants

A

gram+ < gram- < acid fast < spore formers

35
Q

alocohols

A

denature proteins and solubilize lipids

36
Q

alkalines

A

-destroys cell wall and cell membranes
-used on inanimate objects

37
Q

heavy metals

A

-poison enzyme activities by interacting with sulfhydryl groups of cysteine residues

38
Q

oxidizing agents

A

-halogens – iodine, chlorine
-inactivate enzymes by converting functional SH groups to oxidized SS forms

39
Q

surface active agents

A

-induce reaction of surface or interfacial tension
-wetting agents, detergents
-anionic – soaps, fatty acids with negative charge
cationic – quaternary ammonium compounds

40
Q

phenolic compounds

A

-membrane disruption and protein denaturation
-phenol no longer used due to toxicity
-lysol

41
Q

aldehydes

A

-glutaraldehyde
-ortho-phthalaldehyde
-formaldehyde

42
Q

what do gross metabolic poisons do

A

alter permeability, irreversibly denature macromolecules

43
Q

most commonly used disinfectant

A

bleach

Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 (26 decks)

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