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Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

what gram, shape, and arrangement are stapylococcus

A

-gram positive
-cocci
-grape like clusters

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2
Q

respiration, motility, spore forming?

A

-facultative anaerobe
-non motile (non flagellated)
-non spore forming

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3
Q

catalase, media?

A

-catalase positive (detoxify H2O2)
-grow on high salt media – mannitol salt agar

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4
Q

what does mannitol salt agar support and inhibit growth of

A

-supports most gram positive bacteria
-inhibits most gram negative bacteria
-inhibits streptococcus (gram+ but hates salt)

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5
Q

what does staph aureus do to mannitol salt agar

A

ferment mannitol and change agar color from red to yellow

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6
Q

what does staph epidermis do to mannitol salt agar

A

does not ferment mannitol, no color change (stays red)

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7
Q

a, B, y hemolysis on blood agar

A

-a – incomplete hemolysis, green
-B – compete hemolysis, clear
-y – no hemolysis, no change in media

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8
Q

what causes yellow color of staph aureus on blood agar

A

-carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin (antioxidant)

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9
Q

coagulase test

A

positive = more pathogenic
negative = less pathogenic, many in humans

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10
Q

habitat of staphylococcus

A

-skin
-nasal cavity
-buccal cavity
-nasopharynx
-mammary gland
-groin region

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11
Q

risk factors of staphylococcus

A

-opportunistic pathogen
-parasitic, fungal, viral infection
-shearing sheep, grooming dogs
-nutritional imbalances (zinc, vitamin deficiency)

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12
Q

body structures – cell wall

A

-bacterial viability
-homeostasis
-protect from host lysozyme

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13
Q

body structures – protein A

A

-grabs immunoglobulin so it can’t grab onto pathogens
-bind Fc of IgG
-blocks immune response, opsonization

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14
Q

body structures – binding or clamping factors

A

-attachment to host proteins

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15
Q

body structures – capsule (slime layer)

A

-adhesion
-prevents chemotaxis
-inhibit phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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16
Q

enzymes – hyaluronidase

A

-breaks down connective tissue between adjacent cells

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17
Q

enzymes – catalase

A
  • protects against host ROS
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18
Q

enzymes – coagulase

A

-clots blood to hide in it

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19
Q

enzymes – staphylokinase

A

-lyses clots (fibrin) to come out of it and disperse itself

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20
Q

enzymes – lipase

A

-digest lipids – can colonize skin surface and sebaceous glands

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21
Q

enzymes – protease

A

-destroys tissue protiens

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22
Q

enzymes – B-lactams

A

-inactivate B-lactam drugs, survive treatment

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23
Q

toxins – hemolysin

A
  • destroys RBC, neutrophils, macrophages, platelets
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24
Q

toxins – cytolytic toxins (leuckocidin)

A

-destroy cell membranes of host cells (leukocytes)
-destroy WBC

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25
Q

toxins – exfoliative toxin

A

-separate skin layers, resulting in impetigo and skin layer peel off

26
Q

toxins – toxic shock syndrome toxin

A

-superantigens (mass T cell activation)

27
Q

toxins – enteotoxins

A

-food poisoning by stimulating gut mobility
-superantigens

28
Q

staphylococcal pathogenesis steps

A

-adhesion and attachment on host cell surface or matrix
-biofilm formation on host cell surface
-advance for intracellular invasion, multiplication, persistence in host cell
-inflammation, abscess formation, necrosis, bacteria encapsulation

29
Q

2 possible final outcomes of staph pathogenesis

A

-bacteria hide in dormant small colony variant formed in sequestra
-abscess maturation, rupture, bacterial spread, bacteremia

30
Q

staphylococcus that are coagulase positive

A

S. aureus – mammals, birds
S. hyicus – pigs
S. pseudintermedius – pets
S. schleiferi – pets

31
Q

staphylococcus that are coagulase negative

A

S. chromogenes – mammals
S. felis – pets
S. epidermis – foot odor in humans

32
Q

the 4 directions staph species advance from

A

-pus, abscess
-ear
-mammary
-urogenital

33
Q

what does S. aureus generally cause

A

-abscess
-dermatitis
-mastitis
-septicemia
-endocarditis
-meningitis
-osteoarthritis
-surgical lesion infection

34
Q

what does S aureus cause in cattle

A

-mastitis
-teat based pustules/impetigo
-gangrenous teat

35
Q

what does S aureus cause in sheep

A

-mastitis
-tick pyemia of lambs
-dermatitis or torn skin
-periorbital dermatitis

36
Q

what does S aureus cause in goats

A

-mastitis, dermatitis, subacute or peracute mastitis

37
Q

what does S aureus cause in pigs

A
  • mastitis (impetigo)
    -endometritis
38
Q

what does S aureus cause in horses

A

-mastitis
-botryomycosis of spermatic cord after castration

39
Q

what does S aureus cause in poultry

A

-septicemia
-foot/joint pyogranulomatous lesion (bumble foot)
-arthritis

40
Q

what does S aureus cause in dogs and cats

A

-suppurative lesions

41
Q

what does S pesudintermedius cause in dogs and cats

A

-pyoderma
-pyometra
-otitis externa
-pneumonia
-osteoarthritis
-wound
-eyelid and conjunctivitis

42
Q

what does S schleiferi cause in dogs and cats

A

-otitis external
-otitis media
-head shaking and tilting
-skin reddening
-hair loss
-scratching and itching
-pyoderma

43
Q

what does S felis cause in cats

A

-otitis
-abscess
-dermatitis
-cystitis
-conjunctivitis

44
Q

what does S chromogenes cause in cattle

A

-subclinical mastitis

45
Q

what does S chromogenes cause in pigs

A

-exudative epidermitis

46
Q

what does S chromogenes cause in horses and cats

A

-dermatitis (rare)

47
Q

what does S hyicus cause in pigs

A

-exudative epidermatitis (greasy pig disease) in young pigs
-septicemia (fatal)
-septic polyarthritis
-metritis
-vaginitis

48
Q

what does S hyicus cause in cattle

A

-mastitis

49
Q

what does S hyicus cause in horse

A

-skin infection

50
Q

treatment of staph

A

one of the multidrug resistance species

51
Q

what has S aureus acquired resistance to

A

Methicillin
vancomycin

52
Q

control and prevention

A

-improving hygiene and wellbeing
-tick control of lambs
-good hygiene at milking

53
Q

what causes cutaneous pus and peeling of skin in huamns

A

S aureus

54
Q

what causes cutaneout pus and peeling of skin layers in pigs

A

S hyicus

55
Q

what casues peeling skin, cutaneous pus, pus form ear/uterus in pets

A

-pyoderma – S pseudointermedius, sometimes S aureus or S schleiferi
-otitis externa in dogs – S schleiferi
-otitis externa in cats – S felis

56
Q

what casues pus/gangrene in udder and teats

A

-mastitis – S aureus
-subclinical mastitis – S chromogenes

57
Q

what casues pus forming bacteria in skin infested by ticks in sheep

A

-tick pyremia – S aureus

58
Q

what causes pus and nodule forming bacteria in skin of lips/limbs, utter/scrotum, septicemia in horses

A

-S aureus

59
Q

what causes pus forming in joints of legs/foot/wings, gangrene of skin, and septicemia in poultry

A

S aureus

60
Q

what causes bumblefoot in poultry

A

S aureus

Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 (26 decks)

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