Taxonomy Flashcards
levels of taxonomic classification
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
six kingdoms
eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
three domains
archaea, bacteria, eukarya (eukaryota)
kingdoms of eukarya
protista, fungi, animalia, plantae
kingdoms of bacteria
eubacteria
kingdoms of archaea
archaebacteria
kingdom: eubacteria
domain: bacteria
cell wall made of peptidoglycan (gram +: more peptidoglycan, gram -: drug resistance & pathogenic)
ex. cyanobacteria - contain chlorophyll and photosynthetic abilities
kingdom: archaebacteria
domain: archaea
cell wall made of polysaccharides
-bacteria that can live in extreme conditions
kingdom: protista
domain: eukarya
basically all types
-primarily unicellular eukaryotes, but some are colonial/ display multicellularity
-movement through pseudopods, flagellum, cilia
-nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
-autotrophic/ heterotrophic
-phyla are divided into three main groups: protozoa (animal-like), algae (plant-like), and fungus-like protists
-ex. protozoa, algae, amoeba
kingdom: fungi
domain: eukarya mostly multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from environment (extracellular digestion so hydrolyzed food can diffuse in) -decomposers -filamentous structure -multinucleate -no digestive system; absorptive feeding -cell walls made of chitin -reproduce sexually/asexually ex. lichen, yeast (unicellular), mold, mushrooms
kingdom: animalia
domain: eukarya
- multicellular, mobile, heterotrophic eukaryotes
- reproduce sexually with fertilization
- classified by embryonic development and anatomical features
kingdom: plantae
domain: eukarya
- multicellular autotrophic eukaryotic cells
- non-motile
- cell walls made of cellulose
- carry out photosynthesis through chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids
- store carbohydrates as starch in roots
- reproduce sexually through alteration of generations
- vascular and nonvascular
domain: archaea
- unicellular prokaryotes
- no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
- circular DNA genome
- share some characteristics with Bacteria and Eukarya (ex presence of multiple types of RNA pol)
ex. extremophiles (extreme halophiles, methanogens, and extreme thermophiles) - some perform conjugation
domain: bacteria
- unicellular prokaryotes
- decomposers
- pathogenic
- ribosomes, circular DNA genome
- no introns, nucleus, or membrane-bound organelles
- some perform conjugation
domain: eukarya
- multicellular eukaryotic cells
- nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, linear DNA
archaea: extreme halophiles
archaebacteria that thrive in environments with high salt concentration
archaea: extreme thermophiles
archaebacteria that thrive in environments with high temperatures
plant and some algae life cycle
alternation of generations
-multicellular diploid sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores. spores divide mitotically, forming multicellular haploid gametophytes. Through mitosis, gametophytes form gametes, in which fertilization results in diploid zygote that will develop into next sporophyte generation.
fungi and protists life cycle
diploid zygote undergoes meiosis, forming haploid cells that develop into unicellular descendants or haploid multicellular adult organisms. the haploid organism carries out further mitosis, producing cells that will develop into gametes.
phylum: porifera
- kingdom: animalia
- ex. sponges
- sessile (nonmoving) animals
- perforated body walls with two layers of cells (diploblastic)
- water flows into the central space through pores, bringing in food and oxygen, where it is trapped and ingested,
- water flows out through large opening, disposing of waste and CO2
- no specialized tissue, symmetry, muscles, nerves, movement
- most sponges live in marine environments
8 phyla of kingdom animalia
Porifera (sponges), echinodermata (echinoderms), cnidaria (coelenterates), platyhelminthes (flatworms), annelida (segmented worms), mollusca (mollusks), arthropoda (arthropods), chordata (chordates)
phylum: echinodermata
- mostly sessile
- bilateral symmetry (grow into radial symmetry)
- shed endoskeletons, spiny exoskeletons
- water vascular system ending in tube feet that function in feeding, gas exchange, and movement
- ex. sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars