Task Concentration Training and Fear of Blushing - artikel Flashcards
what is considered to be an important factor in the maintenance of social phobia
self-focused attention (SFA)
in welke vorm van social phobia schijnt SFA vooral belangrijk te zijn
erytrophobia (fear of blushing)
it is argued that SFA might be especially important in erytrophobia since….
physiological arousal serves to focus attention inwards and heightened SFA may cause a blushing reaction
wat voor methode gebruiken ze om SFA te proberen te verminderen voor deze mensen
task concentration training
wat waren de resultaten
task concentration training strongly reduced blushing propensity, fear of blushing, avoidance behaviour, and negative beliefs about the consequence of blushing
wat houdt SFA in in social anxiety (verhaal)
The idea is that social phobics direct too much attention to themselves during social interactions (to their emotions, self-thoughts, behaviour, physical appearance, arousal) and have little attention for their task, the other
person(s), and their environment. As a result of their internal focus, they become inconveniently aware of their fear and arousal, and of possible flaws in their appearance and behaviour. Lack of outwarddirected attention may result in actually unskilled and even unkind behaviour. Moreover, lack of externally focused information processing will bring social phobics to rely on their own (negative) impressions to evaluate social situations and their own behaviour. Consequently, once developed dysfunctional beliefs will not be disconfirmed.
wat houdt SFA in (korte woorden)
social phobics -> too much attention to self -> little attention for tasks/others/environment -> aware of their fear and arousal, and possible flaws -> unskilled or unkind behaviour + rely on their own negative impressions to evaluate -> once developed dysfunctional beliefs will not be disconfirmed
wat is de vicieuze cirkel tussen physiological arousal en SFA
It has been found that salient physiological arousal serves to focus attention inwards and heightened SFA, in its turn, increases their awareness and the intensity of physiological reactions, and overestimate the intensity
dus het versterkt elkaar
wat is nog een speciale factor aan blushing als physiological arousal
anderen kunnen het zien, waardoor je SFA juist nog hoger gaat
wat is het doel van de task concentration training
aims at redirecting erytrophobics attention away from the self and the social task during blushing
wat zijn de 3 fasen van TCT
- getting insight in the attentional processes and the effects of heightened SFA
- focusing attention outward instead of inward in non-threatening situations
- focusing attention outward in threatening situations
how does the treatment differ from the attentional training developed by Wells
Firstly, in Wells’ procedure the patient is
taught to focus attention outside (e.g. on neutral sounds), whereas in TCT patients are taught to focus attention on the task at hand. Secondly, practising attentional focus in threatening situations (phase 3) is not part of Wells’ procedure.
wat wordt aan het begin aan de patienten uitgelegd
- how blushing and SFA mutually reinforce each other
- and therefore cause anxiety, negative self thoughts, problems in concentration and unskilled behaviour.
- Then, patients are taught that by redirecting the attention outward (to the task and environment) they will be able to break through the vicious circle and thereby cope with blushing
wat moeten de patienten registreren
Patients are instructed to indicate from day to day in which situations blushing has appeared, how anxious they were, and to estimate the percentage of concentration that was directed towards the self, towards the task, and towards the environment at that moment.
SFA is
defined as attention ….
towards aspects of the self which are not necessary to perform the task, such as one’s arousal (am I blushing?), emotions (do I feel anxious?), private self (how am I doing?) or public self (how do others see me?).
wat is het verschil tussen task-focused attention en environment-focused attention
Task-focused attention is defined as attention
towards the behaviour that is required in the
specific situation, including attention for the other (relevant) persons in that situation. Environmentfocused attention is focused on those aspects of the environment which are not necessary to perform the task