Targeted Therapy in Cancer

Question 1

average age of diagnosis if chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 1

65

Question 2

survival rate of CML at 5 years

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

what is chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 3

Cancer of bone marrow (myeloid cells)

Question 4

an AR signalling inhibitor that directly targets three stages of the AR

Answer 4

Enzalutamide

Question 5

3 angiogenesis stimulators

Answer 5

VEGF

FGF

PDGF

Question 6

main treatment of CML

Answer 6

Imatinib

Question 7

how does imatinib work

Answer 7

drug which inhibits Abl

Question 8

3 drugs that inhibit angiogenesis

Answer 8

Sunitinib (‘Sutent’)

Pazopanib (‘Votrient’)

Axitinib (‘Inlyta’)

Question 9

3 problems with precision medication

Answer 9

1. We don’t have a targeted drug for most patients
2. Cancer isn’t usually a single mutation disease
3. To understand the current tumour, we need to perform biopsies

Question 10

‘old fashioned’ cytotoxic drug working in many common tumours

Answer 10

Docetaxel

Question 11

side effect of Docetaxel

Answer 11

bone marrow suppression 


Question 12

first treatment for metastatic PC

Answer 12

Castration therapy

Question 13

drugs can’t target a specific process in an aberrant signalling pathway - true or false

Answer 13

false

Question 14

what is personalised medicine

Answer 14

Targeting specific groups of patients using targeted therapies

Question 15

Oncogenes (eg. Kinases) cause pathways to be

Answer 15

overactive

Question 16

Tumour suppressor genes don’t work because they

Answer 16

are missing circuit components

Question 17

clonal

Answer 17

Some mutations were present throughout individual tumour

Question 18

subclonal

Answer 18

Some mutations only present in a subset of copies

Question 19

Advantages of newer targeted treatments

Answer 19

More selective for cancer cells

Less selective for normal cells

Question 20

in the stroma, which kinase results in renal cancer

Answer 20

VEGF receptor kinases

Question 21

in cancer cells, which mutation results in melanoma

Answer 21

Raf kinase mutations

MAP kinase

Question 22

in cancer cells, which mutation results in lung cancer

Answer 22

EGF receptor kinase mutations

ALK kinase mutations

Question 23

in cancer cells, which mutation results in gastro-intesinal stromal tumours

Answer 23

Kit kinase mutations

Question 24

in cancer cells, which mutation results in breast cancer

Answer 24

Her2

Question 25

in cancer cells, which mutation results in medullary thyroid cancers

Answer 25

Ret kinase mutations

Question 26

in cancer cells, which mutation results in myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 26

JAK kinase mutations

Question 27

how to tumours become desensitised to imatinib

Answer 27

Kinase mutations emerge which are no longer sensitive to imatinib

Question 28

2 molecular markers in medicine

Answer 28

predictive markers

prognostic markers

Question 29

example of predictive marker

Answer 29

EGFR mutations in lung cancer

Question 30

example of prognostic markers

Answer 30

CTCs in breast cancer

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36