Metastasis Flashcards
Invasion
growth by infiltration and destruction of surrounding tissues.
Metastasis
spread of tumour to (and growth at) ectopic sites, via blood, lymphatics, intra-epithelial route, or trans-coelomic.
Carcinoma
Malignant tumour derived from epithelial cells
Sarcoma
Malignant tumour derived from mesenchymal cells
Melanoma
Malignant tumour derived from neural crest cells
Leukaemia
Malignant tumour derived from circulating white blood cells
Lymphoma
Malignant tumour derived from the lymphatic system
7 properties of metastatic tumours
- reduced cell-cell adhesion
- altered cell-substratum adhesion
- increased motility
- increased proteolytic ability
- angiogenic ability
- ability to intravasate and extravasate
- ability to proliferate (locally and in ectopic sites)
what is the basement membrane
- secreted by basal epithelial cells/ endothelial cells
- a layer of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin,
- type IV collagen, laminin, etc. a barrier to spread
where do breast tumour commonly migrate to
bone, lungs, liver, brain
where do lung adenocarcinomacommonly migrate to
bone, brain, adrenal glands, liver
where do skin melanoma commonly migrate to
Lungs, brain, skin, liver
where do colorectal tumour commonly migrate to
liver and lungs
where do pancreatic tumour commonly migrate to
Liver and lungs
where do prostate tumour commonly migrate to
Bones
where do sarcoma commonly migrate to
Lungs
where do uveal melanoma commonly migrate to
Liver
Serine proteases
urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), plasmin bind to receptors on tumour cell surface (uPAR)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
- collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins , membrane-type (MT)-MMPs - soluble forms with ECM homology can bind to integrins e.g., MMP-2 binds to avb3 - produced by WBCs, associated with tissue / wound repair
2 types of proteases
Serine proteases
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
