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People and Illness Lectures > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

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People You Should Know flashcards
1
Q

Psychosis

A

Altered mind and altered relationship with reality

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2
Q

Delusion

A

Fixed false belief held despite evidence to contrary outwit sociocultural norms

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3
Q

Hallucination

A

Sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli

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4
Q

Mood

A

Subjective feeling of sustained emotion (happy, sad)

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5
Q

Affect

A

Objective immediate conveyance of emotion (blunt, fat, labile)

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6
Q

Depression

A

Decreased mood (pathological) and decreased function

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7
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

>2 mood disturbance (minimum 1 hypomania, mania), depression

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8
Q

3 factors contributing to depression

A

social

psychological

biological

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9
Q

social eitology of depression

A
  • Poor social support
  • Socioeconomic disadvantage
  • Northernization
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10
Q

psychological aetiology of depression

A
  • Personality traits - anxious, obsessive
  • Personality disorders

  • Coping skills

  • Adverse life events
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11
Q

epidemiology of depression

A
  • Females
  • onset at 30
  • 5 episodes in lifetime
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12
Q

what is given for moderate depression

A

Antidepressants

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13
Q

what is given for servere depression

A

Antidepressants + Antipsychotics, ECT

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14
Q

psychological treatment of depression

A
  • CBT
  • Psychotherapy
  • Family therapy
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15
Q

Electrotherapy to treat depression

A

Controlled seizure + anaesthetic

Depression, mania, catatonia

Side effect: memory (rare)

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16
Q

1st, 2nd and 3rd line in treatment of depression

A

1st: SSRI
2nd: TCAs
3rd: MAOI

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17
Q

SSRI

A

Block 5HT reuptake

4-5 weeks to have an effect

18
Q

TCAs

A


Block 5HT

NA reuptake

19
Q

MAOI

A

Block MAO-A

MAO-B – breaks down 5HT, NA, DA in CNS

20
Q

side effects of SSRI

A

Nausea, vomiting, weight gain, dizziness, discontinuation syndrome, anxiety, suicidality, mania, serotonin syndrome, cardiac effects (QTc)

21
Q

side effects of TCAs

A

Anti-adrenergic (↓BP)
Anti-cholinergic


ECG changes (arrhythmia, QTc prolongation)

22
Q

side effects of MAOI

A

Hypertensive crisis; ‘cheese reaction’

MAO-A also in GI tract; breaks down tyramine

If blocked, ↑ ↑ BP

23
Q

social treatments for depression

A

activities

housing, financial Employment

24
Q

neurochemical factors in depression

A

↓ 5HT serotonin

DA dopamine

NA noadrenaline

25
Q

neuroendocrine factors in depression

A

↓T3, TSH, ↑ cortisol

26
Q

discuss the monoamine hypothesis

A

Metabolites of 5HT ↓ in CSF

Antidepressants work

Neurochemical blockers induce depression

X Antidepressants don’t work immediately


X Antidepressants don’t always work

27
Q

assessment of depression

A

Clinical history

Risk assessment

MSE (mental state exam)

Physical exam

Baseline blds

28
Q

4 differentials for depression

A
  1. Dysthymia
  2. Atypical Depression
  3. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
  4. Adjustment Reaction
  5. Grief
29
Q

what is adjustment reaction

A

Adaptation to stressor

Can include low mood

Onset <1 month from stress Duration <6 months max

30
Q

what is dysthymia

A

↓mood, chronic >2yrs but not enough depression

31
Q

core features of depression

A

↓ mood +/- anhedonia +/- fatigue

Every day >2 weeks

32
Q

biological features of depression

A

Diurnal variation

insomnia

↓ appetite,↓ weight, ↓ libido, constipation, amenorrhoea

33
Q

Cognitive features of depression

A

↓ concentration, slow / negative thinking, guilt, loss of self esteem, hopeless, suicidality

34
Q

Cognitive distortions as feature of depression

A

Minimizing, magnifying, arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, personalization, overgeneralization, catastrophizin

35
Q

Psychosis features of depression

A

Delusions – mood congruent (‘nihilistic’) - -

Hallucinations

36
Q

severities of depression

A

Mild – >2 core + >2 associated, function ok

Mod – >2 core + >4 associated, function ↓

Sev – >2 core + >6 associated, function ↓↓ +/- psychosis

37
Q

outcomes of depression

A
  • Recurrent depressive disorder
  • Substance misuse
  • Anxiety
  • Suicide
  • Cardiovascular disease
38
Q

Cyclothymia

A

alternating ↓mood (mild), ↑ mood (mild)

39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A

People and Illness Lectures (16 decks)

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