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Parasitology > Tapeworms of Cats + Dogs > Flashcards

Tapeworms of Cats + Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

What taenia tapeworms are dogs the definitive host?

A

Taenia ovis
Taenia hydatigena
Taenia multiceps
Taemia pisiformis
Taenia serialis

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2
Q

What are the non taenia tapeworms dogs are definitve hosts of?

A

Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
Dipylidium caninum

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3
Q

What tapeworms are cats the definitive hosts of?

A

Taenia taeniformis

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4
Q

Where are Taenia spp found?

A

adult worms in small intestines of carnivores

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5
Q

What size are taenia tapeworms?

A

5-30cm

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6
Q

What do taenia eggs look like?

A

Thick embryophore, hexacanth embryo - 40um diameter
-round

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7
Q

What is the pre patent period of taenia?

A

4-10weeks

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8
Q

What tapeworms in dogs have sheep as the intermediate hosts?

A

T. ovis
T. hydatigena
T. multiceps
Echinococcus. granulosus

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9
Q

What tapeworms in dogs have rabbits as the intermediate hosts?

A

T. pisiformis
T. serialis

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10
Q

What are the sections of tapeworms called?

A

Proglottids

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11
Q

Where is T. ovis found?

A

Cysticercus in muscles

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12
Q

Where is T. hydatigena found?

A

Cysticercus in peritoneum

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13
Q

Where is T. multiceps found?

A

Coenurus in brain

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14
Q

Where is T. pisifromis found?

A

Cysticercus in peritoneum

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15
Q

Where is T. serialis found?

A

Coenurus in connective tissue

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16
Q

What is the intermediate host of T. taeniaformis?

A

Mouse

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17
Q

Where are T. taeniaeformis found?

A

Cysticercus in liver
(60cm adult)

18
Q

What is the pre patent period of T. taeniformis

A

4 weeks

19
Q

What are the difference between taenia + ecchinococcus eggs?

A

No difference
exactly the same

20
Q

What are clinical signs of taenia in dogs?

A

Rarely any signs
Anal pruritus

21
Q

How is Taenia diagnosed?

A

*Faecal sample - eggs / proglottids

22
Q

How is Taenia spp treated?

A

*Praziquantel to remove adults
*Control access to intermediate host

23
Q

What is the intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum?

A

*Ctenocephalides felis - flea
*Trichodectes canis - canine chewing louse

24
Q

What are features of Dipylidium caninum?

A

*50cm
*4 unarmed suckers
*two genital pores on each proglottid
*Egg capsules contain 10-15eggs each

25
Q

What is the life cycle of D. caninum?

A
  1. Adult tapeworm in SI of Cat/dog - PPP 3-4wks
    2.Proglottids passed in faeces - disintegrate + eggs released
    3.Eggs eaten by flea larvae (Ctenocephalides felis)
  2. oncospheres hatch + develop into cysticercoids in body cavity of adult flea
  3. Infected adult flea eaten as animal grooms
26
Q

How is D. caninum controlled?

A

*Praziquantel
*Flea control

27
Q

What echinococcus species is found in the UK?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

28
Q

What is the most common tapeworm of dogs+cats

A

Dipylidium caninum

29
Q

What type of metacestode does echinococcus spp have?

A

Hydatid cyst

30
Q

What are features of Echinococcus spp?

A

*Adult tapeworm - v small 5mm
*Only 3 proglottids
*Final proglottid = largest + gravid - shed in faeces

31
Q

What size are echinococcus eggs?

A

40um

32
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of echinococcus granulosus?

A

*sheep
*cattle
*camels

33
Q

What is the typical host of echinococcus multilocularis?

A

Fox

34
Q

How does human echinococcosis occur?

A

Infection by ingesting eggs from dogs in contaminated soil, water , food

35
Q

What are the possible symptoms in human echonococcosis?

A

*location dependent
*Jaundice, cholangitis, abdominal pain
*Pleurisy
*Rupture of cyst = fever, eosinophilia + anaphylactic reaction

36
Q

Why is E. multilocularis a concern?

A

*50-75% mortality rate in humans
*Asymptomatic incubation for 5-15yrs
*Invade + destroy tissue - pain, weight loss, malaise, liver failure
*Tumour like lesion in liver - metastasize to lungs + brain

37
Q

How is echinococcus spp in humans diagnosed?

A

*Ultrasonography imaging + CT/MRI scans
*Serology

38
Q

What causes cystic + alveolar echinococcosis?

A

Cystic - Echinococcus granulosus
Alveolar - Echiococcus multilocularis

39
Q

How is cystic + alveolar echinococcosis treated?

A

Cystic = drug tx, surgery + Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration technique.

Alveolar = early dx + radical surgery followed by albendazole

40
Q

How is Echinococcosis controlled in humans?

A

*Control disease in definitive + intermediate hosts
*Improve hygiene at slaughterhouse
*Education programmes

41
Q

Describe typical features of adult Taenia spp.

A

Large worms (30cm-2.5m), with 4 suckers and a rostellum that may be armed with rows of hooks.

42
Q

How are D.caninum adult worms identified?

A

~50cm long worms, with a scolex that has 4 unarmed suckers and a retractable/protrusable rostellum bearing 4-7 rows of small hooks. The gravid segments are barrel shaped and each proglottid as 2 genital pores.

Parasitology (25 decks)

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