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Parasitology > Lungworms of dogs + cats > Flashcards

Lungworms of dogs + cats Flashcards

1
Q

Where are L1 found?

A

Normally in faeces

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2
Q

What migration do they partake in?

A

Lympho-tracheal

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3
Q

What are the lungworms of dogs?

A
  • Angiostrongylus vasorum (Heartworm of dogs)
  • Oslerus osleri
  • Crenosoma vulpis, Filaroides hirthi
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4
Q

What is the lungworm in cats?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

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5
Q

Where are adult Angiostrongylus vasorum found?

A

Pulmonary artery + right ventricle

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6
Q

What is the intermediate host of A. vasorum?

A

Slugs + snails

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7
Q

What is the paratenic host of A. vasorum?

A

Frogs

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

*L1 in faeces - ingested by slugs
*L1-L3 development dependent on temperature
*Slugs are ingested by dogs
*PPP = 5-8weeks
*Adults in blood vessels associated w heart
*Females = ovoviviparous

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9
Q

What are clinical signs of Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A
  • Often asymptomatic but can cause sudden death
  • Respiratory
  • Coughing
  • Dyspnoea
  • Weight loss
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Coagulopathies
  • Fluctuating haematoma/bleeding disorders
  • Neurological
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10
Q

How is Angiostrongylus vasorum diagnosed?

A
  • Antigen SNAP test - species specific can differentiate from other lungworms
  • Radiography
  • Enlarged heart and pulmonary artery
  • Patchy alveolar and interstitial pattern
  • Differentiate from other lungworms
    *L1 in faeces, trans-tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage
  • ‘Dorsal notch’ on the tail of the L1
  • 300 to 400 μm
  • Baermann apparatus to detect L1
  • low sensitivity
  • repeat samples
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11
Q

What is the treatment of Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A
  • Moxidectin
  • Milbemycin oxime
  • Fenbendazole
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12
Q

How would you control Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Cage rest during treatment (2-3 days)
  • Prophylaxis – monthly treatment with macrocyclic lactones
  • When possible dogs should be prevented from ingesting snails or slugs.
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13
Q

What is a reservoir host for Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

Foxes

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14
Q

What is the pre patent period of aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

5-6weeks

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15
Q

What is the paratenic host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

Small mammal
Frog
Lizard

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16
Q

Where is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus found + what size?

A

Lung parenchyma
V small - 10mm

17
Q

What is significant about Aelurostrongylus abstrusus L1?

A

L1 in faeces
S shaped tail
350-400um

18
Q

What does Aelurostrongylus abstrusus cause?

A
  • Normally asymptomatic
  • Common (~7% cats infected)
  • Coughing/respiratory disease
  • Hyperplasia of the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and pulmonary arteries
19
Q

How is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus diagnosed?

A
  • L1 in faeces – Baermann technique
  • fresh faecal samples within a 3-7 day period
  • L1 in transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage
20
Q

How would you treat an infection of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A
  • Fenbendazole - for at least 3 days, up to 7 days.
  • Moxidectin, Emodepside
21
Q

What is the life cycle of Oslerus osleri?

A
  • DIRECT LIFE CYCLE
  • Adults in nodules in trachea
  • Females are ovoviviparous
  • Larvated eggs/L1 are passed by the female.
  • L1 are released into the tracheal lumen, move up to the pharynx, swallowed and passed in faeces.
22
Q

How can auto-infection of O. osleri occur?

A
  • Infective L1 penetrate into the intestinal wall without leaving the host
  • Migrate to the trachea, and develop into adult parasites
23
Q

How does O. osleri transmission from bitch to pup occur?

A
  • L1 in sputum
  • Transmission mainly by the bitch grooming/licking its pup
  • Upon ingestion/introduction into the mouth of the pup, L1 cross the intestinal wall, travel via the lymphatics and blood system to the lungs and trachea.
24
Q

What does Oslerus osleri cause?

A
  • Tracheo-bronchitis
  • Coughing
25
Q

How is Oslerus osleri infection diagnosed?

A
  • Young dogs, 1-2 years old (PPP = 10-18 weeks)
  • Bronchoscopy to identify nodules
  • Larvae in faeces (low sensitivity)
  • Transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage cytology or tracheal swabs may reveal `larvae or eggs
26
Q

How would you treat an infection of Oslerus osleri?

A

*Fenbendazole

27
Q

What lungworm has a L1 with straight pointed tail and an adult worm with anterior cuticular rings?

A

Crenasoma vulpis

28
Q

What lungworm is diagnosed by ‘lemon’ shaped eggs?

A

Eucoleus aerophilus

Parasitology (25 decks)

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