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USHJA Horsemanship > Tack > Flashcards

Tack Flashcards

1
Q

Tongue

A

The pressure point required for flexion and yielding of jaw, chewing, activation of the salivary glands and production of foam.

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2
Q

Tongue sensitvity

A

More sensitive along the edges than the center

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3
Q

Bars

A

Pressure points that lead to flexion and yielding of the jaw and flexion of the poll. The bars are the most sensitive structures of the mouth

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4
Q

Corners of the mouth

A

Encourages extension of the head and neck and sometimes raises the head. The skin is flexible and
less sensitive than the tongue.

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5
Q

Palate (roof of the mouth)

A

Encourages the horse to open the mouth, tip the head or tuck its chin into its chest. This area
is less sensitive than the bars

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6
Q

Curb groove or chin groove

A

Located on the underside of the horse’s head where the lower lip meets the jaw. It is the location
of the mandible nerve, which is a large and very sensitive nerve that runs down the edge of the under part of the jaw and goes into the bone just above the chin.

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7
Q

Sides of jaw

A

Encourages the horse to turn away from lateral pressure

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8
Q

Bridge of nose

A

Encourages poll flexion. The bridge of the nose is a very complex, sensitive structure of bone and cartilage
that is easily damaged.

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9
Q

Poll

A

Encourages the lowering of the head. The poll area needs to be handled with care as all mechanical control relies on some form of bridle fitting partially or fully to the poll region.

Poll pressure by itself is not very significant.

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10
Q

Direct pressure

A

One pound of pressure on the reins equals one pound of pressure in the mouth

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11
Q

Leverage

A

This multiplies the pressure.

Factors include length of shank, tightness of curb chain and ratio of upper shank to lower shank.

The greater the leverage, the more severe the pressure

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12
Q

Mouthpiece

A

: A thicker mouthpiece spreads pressure over a wide area while a thinner mouthpiece concentrates the pressure

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13
Q

Mouthpiece surface

A

Smooth mouthpieces are the gentlest. Twisted, corkscrew, wire or sharp edge mouth pieces are more
severe

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14
Q

Auxillay equipment

A

Nosebands and martingales make bits more severe by limiting the horse’s options

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15
Q

Snaffle bit

A

Direct pressure, non-leverage bits.

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16
Q

Snaffle action

A

tongue, lips and bars.

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17
Q

Common snaffle cheeks (4)

A

D-ring
Eggbutt
Full
Loose

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18
Q

D-ring snaffle

A

Has slight lateral pressure.

Fixed mouthpiece

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19
Q

Eggbutt snaffle

A

Prevents lips from being pinched.

Fixed mouthpiece

Not seen much in hunter ring

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20
Q

Full snaffle

A

Helps with lateral guidance.

Fixed mouthpiece.

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21
Q

Loose-ring snaffle

A

Mouthpiece is loose and rotates on ring

Can pinch

Allows horse to set the mouthpiece for its comfort level

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22
Q

Corkscrew mouthpiece

A

Tight corkscrew twist.

Stronger than a twist

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23
Q

Double wire mouthpiece

A

Two mouthpieces made of thin twisted wire

Each mouthpiece has a joint and the joints are asymmetrical

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24
Q

Dr. Bristol mouthpiece

A

Rectangular plate in center of mouthpiece

Plate is at 45 degree angle, rests on tongue

Two joints

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25
Q

French link mouthpiece

A

Small bone-shaped plate in center of mouthpiece

Plate is not at angle

Two joints

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26
Q

Hollow mouth

A

Mouthpiece is hollow and wide.

Also extremely light

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27
Q

Keys mouthpiece

A

Used to accustom young horses to the bit

Several keys dangling from mouthpiece for horse to mouth and consequently accept the bit

28
Q

Mullen mouthpiece

A

No joints.

Curved to follow inside of horses mouth

29
Q

Port mouthpiece

A

Mouthpiece with hump in the middle

Low port can relieve tongue pressure

High port can act as fulcrum and sometimes hit in the palate

30
Q

Roller mouthpiece

A

Rollers on the mouthpiece move with tongue pressure from the horse.

The rollers encourage a horse to mouth the bit and make it difficult for the horse to grab hold of the bit

Generally single joint

31
Q

Single-jointed mouthpiece

A

Can exert a nutcracker effect on the horse’s palate.

Horses with a low palate may be more comfortable in a
multi-joint bit

32
Q

Single wire mouthpiece

A

A thin twisted wire with one joint

33
Q

Twist (slow or sharp)

A

A bit with either a gentle or sharp twist to the mouthpiece.

The slow twist is stronger than a plain
snaffle and a sharp twist is stronger than a slow twist.

The edge of the twist can make either bit more severe

34
Q

Pelham

A

work from a combination of leverage and pressure

35
Q

Pelhams action

A

corners of the mouth when the snaffle rein is used

on the poll and curb groove when the curb rein is used

36
Q

Curb bit

A

Leverage bit.

When used with small bridoon (snaffle) they form a full bridle (Weymouth)

37
Q

Gag action

A

When pressure is placed on the gag rein, the bit rotates and slides upward, causing pressure on the poll and the corners of the mouth.

38
Q

Hackamore action

A

pressure on the bridge of nose and the chin groove

39
Q

Leverage/mechanical hackamore

A

Noseband, curve strap, and metal shanks

Encourages poll flexion but not good at turning horse

40
Q

Non-leverage hackamore

A

Noseband with rings attached for reins

Only works on pressure on bridge of nose

Better at turning

41
Q

Bell boots

A

Used on the front legs to protect the horse from an overreach or grab.

These rubber or plastic boots come in pull-on or Velcro varieties

42
Q

Galloping boots

A

Used on the front legs to protect the splint and tendon areas. They offer more protection than splint boots. They
may be made out of leather or synthetic materials

43
Q

Hind boots

A

Used on the hind legs to provide the hind ankles with protection from the opposite leg interfering and traveling too close.

May be made out of leather or synthetic materials

44
Q

Open front boots

A

Used on the front legs to protect the horse’s tendons and provide support while jumping. The front of the leg is
left unprotected so the horse can feel if it rubs the jump

45
Q

Scalper or grab boots

A

Used on the front feet to protect the horse from an overreach or grab. These rubber boots pull on and
have a narrow piece of rubber across the front of the foot. They fit much more tightly than bell boots

46
Q

Shipping boots

A

Used on all four legs to provide protection without support. They are suitable for short trips

47
Q

Splint or tendon boots

A

Used on the front legs to protect the splint and tendon areas. They can be made out of leather or synthetic
materials.

48
Q

Hunting breastplate

A

Features a yoke and girth strap, which attaches to the girth between the front legs.

Straps attach from rings on either side of the withers to the saddle “dees” or to a nylon and leather strap around the stirrup bars

49
Q

Breast collar or polo breastplate

A

A strap that runs from one side of the girth to the other across the horse’s chest. A strap
across the withers stabilizes the breast collar and stops it from slipping down

50
Q

Elastic breast girth

A

Similar to a breast collar except it attaches to the saddle “dees” or stirrup bars by means of a nylon
and leather strap. It should fit snugly but not tightly across the base of the horse’s neck

51
Q

Irish martingale

A

A short strap with a ring at either end. This martingale is worn under the neck. The reins are passed through the
rings. The martingale prevents the reins from coming over the head. This martingale is usually seen only in racing

52
Q

Bib martingale

A

Usually used in racing, it resembles a running martingale with a solid piece of leather between the branches. It keeps the horses from getting caught on the branches of the martingale

53
Q

Cruppers

A

used on mutton withered horses and very fat ponies to keep the saddle from slipping forward over the withers.
The strap passes around the dock and back to a “T” that fits into the saddle gullet or a fastening point on the cantle of the saddle.

54
Q

Gullet

A

The channel that runs down the length of the underside

of the saddle

55
Q

Saddle flap

A

The wide piece of leather where the rider’s legs rest

56
Q

Stirrup bar

A

The piece of metal riveted to the tree for the purpose

of attaching the stirrup leathers

57
Q

Saddle skirt

A

The small flap of leather just below the pommel. The stirrup bars are located under the skirt

58
Q

Tree

A

The structure on which the saddle is built.

59
Q

Saddle panel

A

The under part of the saddle that sits on the horse’s back.

The panel may be stuffed with wool or foam. Wool stuffing (flocking) can be customized to a horse’s back. Foam cannot be customized.

60
Q

Pommel

A

The front arch of a saddle

61
Q

Cantle

A

Back of saddle

62
Q

Seat

A

Place where rider sits

63
Q

Twist

A

The narrowest part of the seat, where it meets the pommel

64
Q

Knee roll

A

The extra padding on the front face of the flap

65
Q

Blocks

A

The small pieces of leather under the knee roll or behind

the rider’s thigh to aid in stability when riding

66
Q

Point pocket

A

The place where the tree inserts into the leather of

the saddle.

67
Q

Kineton noseband

A

Used for hard pullers, this noseband resembles the drop noseband when seen from the front but has the
addition of two metal loops on the side

USHJA Horsemanship (16 decks)

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