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USHJA Horsemanship > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of colic (10)

A
  1. Flehmen
  2. Biting at sides/stomach
  3. Depression
  4. Lying down at unusual times
  5. Restlesness
  6. General discomfort
  7. Sweating
  8. Pawing
  9. Increased pulse and respiration
  10. Yawning, grinding of teeth
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2
Q

Triggers for colic

A
  1. Abundance of grain, alfalfa or rich pasture
  2. Sudden feed changes
  3. Moldy feed
  4. Feeding or watering after exercise (impaction)
  5. Cribbing (gas colic)
  6. Gastric ulcers
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3
Q

Spasmodic colic

A

Caused by spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestines

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4
Q

Spasmodic colic can be brought on by _____ (5)

A
  1. Weather or barometric pressure changes
  2. Shipping
  3. Competition
  4. Toxic plants
  5. Blister beetles
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5
Q

Impaction

A

Stems from dry intestinal contents when intestinal motility is slow or when there is insufficient intestinal
water present.

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6
Q

Impaction colic can be brought on by _____ (6)

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Electrolyte imbalances that affect guy motility
  3. Obstruction
  4. Limited exercise
  5. Decreased water intake
  6. Consumption of coarse food, bedding or foreign materials
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7
Q

Gaseous colic

A

Originates from gas build up in the intestine, causing over-distention and pain

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8
Q

Gaseous colic is caused by

A

Any change to the normal movement patterns in the intestines.

Bacterial overgrowth occurs in the stagnant gut, resulting in the death of the bacteria. The death of certain bacteria releases endotoxins which may result in shock, laminitis, or death

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9
Q

Intestinal displacement or torsion

A

Stems from a loop of bowel that has moved into an inappropriate position in the body. The bowel may become trapped or twisted.

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10
Q

Sand colic

A

causes impaction, stems from the accumulation of ingested sand. The heavy and abrasive sand can
erode through the intestinal lining at the location of the obstruction

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11
Q

Torsion

A

large intestinal twist

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12
Q

Volvulus

A

Small intestinal twist

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13
Q

Incarcerated bowel

A

Trapped bowel

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14
Q

Choke

A

Esophageal obstruction

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15
Q

Heaves/recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)

A

Can be caused by allergies or environmental issues.

Symptoms include: coughing, flared nostrils, depression, increased breathing rate, white nasal discharge, labored
breathing and markedly decreased stamina

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16
Q

Influenza is spread by (3)

A
  1. Nose to nose
  2. Coughing
  3. contaminated housing and substances capable of
    transferring disease such as food, water, human hands, buckets, rakes and clothing
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17
Q

Influenza quarantine

A

2-3 weeks

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18
Q

Influenza symptoms (7)

A
  1. lethargy
  2. depression
  3. lack of interest in food
  4. body temperatures from 103 to 106 degrees
  5. increased respiration rate (up to 60 breaths per minute)
  6. watery nasal discharge
  7. dry, hacking cough
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19
Q

Roaring

A

characterized by the paralysis of

muscles of the vocal cords due to nerve damage

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20
Q

Surgery for roaring

A

tie-back

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21
Q

Strangles bacterium

A

Streptococcus equi

22
Q

Strangles quarantine

23
Q

Strangles progression

A

Swelling of lymph nodes
Inflammation surrounding the pharynx
Lymph drains pus

24
Q

Tying up

A

An inflammatory event in the muscle is known as myositis, while a muscular cramp is known as tying up syndrome

25
Tying up symptoms (3)
1. higher than normal heart rate during exercise 2. Poor heart rate recovery 3. Muscles may visibly cramp, spasm, or swell
26
Equine Protozoal Myelitis (EPM)
Caused by a parasitic migration in the spinal cord that results in significant nerve damage
27
Possible EPM hosts
skunks and opposums
28
EPM symptoms (5)
1. High head carriage 2. Head tossing 3. Falling of forehand 4. Run outs or refusals 5. Asymmetric muscle atrophy
29
EPM neurological symptoms (5)
1. Aggression 2. Laziness 3. Unpredictability 4. Anxiety 5. Hyper-sensitivity
30
Tetanus cause
Clostridium tetani
31
Malignant edema cause
Clostridium septicum
32
Febrile
Horse with a fever
33
Horse fever that needs assistance
103.5 and above
34
How much blood can a horse lose
2 gallons
35
Time to clot small blood vessel
12 minutes
36
Proud flesh
Exuberant granulation. It is an angry-looking tissue that bleeds very easily.
37
Anhidrosis
decreased ability of a horse to sweat in response to increased body temperature. It manifests primarily in hot, humid climates
38
Intramuscular (IM) injections locations
Neck. thigh, rump or pectoral
39
Intravenous (IV) injections location
jugular vein
40
Sub Q injection location
Loose skin. Often behind elbow
41
Problems associated with injections (6)
1. Cellulitis 2. Abscess at injection site 3. Anaphylatic shock 4. Sore neck 5. Fibrotic myopathy 6. Thrombophlebitis
42
Incision
A clean cut caused by a sharp object
43
Laceration
A tear with jagged edges caused by a rough or irregular surface
44
Abrasion
A scrape or sore that resembles road rash
45
Puncture
A narrow, deep wound
46
Contusion or bruise
Often caused by a kick or a blow. The skin may remain intact, but the underlying blood vessels and tissues are damaged. There can be bleeding under the skin, causing a hematoma
47
Burns
These can be created by chemicals, heat or irritants
48
Superficial rope burn
generally only reddened, thickened skin
49
Partial thickness rope burn
edema under the skin, intense inflammation and pain. Strong chance of becoming infected
50
Full thickness rope burn
displays leathery and tanned tissue, extensive limb swelling, and may be numb
51
Topicals that slow wound healing (4)
Tincture of Iodine Soaps and detergents Hydrogen peroxide Alcohol (rubbing or isopropyl)
52
Useful antiseptics (8)
1. A&D 2. Triple antibiotic ointment 3. Silver sulfadiazine 4. nolvasan (chlorhexidine) 5. Povidone iodine 6. Aloe vera 7. Sugardine 8. Unprocessed honey

USHJA Horsemanship (16 decks)

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