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USHJA Horsemanship > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of colic (10)

A
  1. Flehmen
  2. Biting at sides/stomach
  3. Depression
  4. Lying down at unusual times
  5. Restlesness
  6. General discomfort
  7. Sweating
  8. Pawing
  9. Increased pulse and respiration
  10. Yawning, grinding of teeth
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2
Q

Triggers for colic

A
  1. Abundance of grain, alfalfa or rich pasture
  2. Sudden feed changes
  3. Moldy feed
  4. Feeding or watering after exercise (impaction)
  5. Cribbing (gas colic)
  6. Gastric ulcers
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3
Q

Spasmodic colic

A

Caused by spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestines

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4
Q

Spasmodic colic can be brought on by _____ (5)

A
  1. Weather or barometric pressure changes
  2. Shipping
  3. Competition
  4. Toxic plants
  5. Blister beetles
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5
Q

Impaction

A

Stems from dry intestinal contents when intestinal motility is slow or when there is insufficient intestinal
water present.

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6
Q

Impaction colic can be brought on by _____ (6)

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Electrolyte imbalances that affect guy motility
  3. Obstruction
  4. Limited exercise
  5. Decreased water intake
  6. Consumption of coarse food, bedding or foreign materials
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7
Q

Gaseous colic

A

Originates from gas build up in the intestine, causing over-distention and pain

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8
Q

Gaseous colic is caused by

A

Any change to the normal movement patterns in the intestines.

Bacterial overgrowth occurs in the stagnant gut, resulting in the death of the bacteria. The death of certain bacteria releases endotoxins which may result in shock, laminitis, or death

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9
Q

Intestinal displacement or torsion

A

Stems from a loop of bowel that has moved into an inappropriate position in the body. The bowel may become trapped or twisted.

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10
Q

Sand colic

A

causes impaction, stems from the accumulation of ingested sand. The heavy and abrasive sand can
erode through the intestinal lining at the location of the obstruction

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11
Q

Torsion

A

large intestinal twist

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12
Q

Volvulus

A

Small intestinal twist

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13
Q

Incarcerated bowel

A

Trapped bowel

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14
Q

Choke

A

Esophageal obstruction

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15
Q

Heaves/recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)

A

Can be caused by allergies or environmental issues.

Symptoms include: coughing, flared nostrils, depression, increased breathing rate, white nasal discharge, labored
breathing and markedly decreased stamina

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16
Q

Influenza is spread by (3)

A
  1. Nose to nose
  2. Coughing
  3. contaminated housing and substances capable of
    transferring disease such as food, water, human hands, buckets, rakes and clothing
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17
Q

Influenza quarantine

A

2-3 weeks

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18
Q

Influenza symptoms (7)

A
  1. lethargy
  2. depression
  3. lack of interest in food
  4. body temperatures from 103 to 106 degrees
  5. increased respiration rate (up to 60 breaths per minute)
  6. watery nasal discharge
  7. dry, hacking cough
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19
Q

Roaring

A

characterized by the paralysis of

muscles of the vocal cords due to nerve damage

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20
Q

Surgery for roaring

A

tie-back

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21
Q

Strangles bacterium

A

Streptococcus equi

22
Q

Strangles quarantine

A

Six weeks

23
Q

Strangles progression

A

Swelling of lymph nodes
Inflammation surrounding the pharynx
Lymph drains pus

24
Q

Tying up

A

An inflammatory event in the muscle is known as myositis, while a muscular cramp is known as tying up syndrome

25
Q

Tying up symptoms (3)

A
  1. higher than normal heart rate during exercise
  2. Poor heart rate recovery
  3. Muscles may visibly cramp, spasm, or swell
26
Q

Equine Protozoal Myelitis (EPM)

A

Caused by a parasitic migration in the spinal cord that results in significant nerve damage

27
Q

Possible EPM hosts

A

skunks and opposums

28
Q

EPM symptoms (5)

A
  1. High head carriage
  2. Head tossing
  3. Falling of forehand
  4. Run outs or refusals
  5. Asymmetric muscle atrophy
29
Q

EPM neurological symptoms (5)

A
  1. Aggression
  2. Laziness
  3. Unpredictability
  4. Anxiety
  5. Hyper-sensitivity
30
Q

Tetanus cause

A

Clostridium tetani

31
Q

Malignant edema cause

A

Clostridium septicum

32
Q

Febrile

A

Horse with a fever

33
Q

Horse fever that needs assistance

A

103.5 and above

34
Q

How much blood can a horse lose

A

2 gallons

35
Q

Time to clot small blood vessel

A

12 minutes

36
Q

Proud flesh

A

Exuberant granulation. It is an angry-looking tissue that bleeds very easily.

37
Q

Anhidrosis

A

decreased ability of a horse to sweat in response to increased body temperature. It manifests primarily in hot,
humid climates

38
Q

Intramuscular (IM) injections locations

A

Neck. thigh, rump or pectoral

39
Q

Intravenous (IV) injections location

A

jugular vein

40
Q

Sub Q injection location

A

Loose skin. Often behind elbow

41
Q

Problems associated with injections (6)

A
  1. Cellulitis
  2. Abscess at injection site
  3. Anaphylatic shock
  4. Sore neck
  5. Fibrotic myopathy
  6. Thrombophlebitis
42
Q

Incision

A

A clean cut caused by a sharp object

43
Q

Laceration

A

A tear with jagged edges caused by a rough or irregular surface

44
Q

Abrasion

A

A scrape or sore that resembles road rash

45
Q

Puncture

A

A narrow, deep wound

46
Q

Contusion or bruise

A

Often caused by a kick or a blow. The skin may remain intact, but the underlying blood vessels and
tissues are damaged. There can be bleeding under the skin, causing a hematoma

47
Q

Burns

A

These can be created by chemicals, heat or irritants

48
Q

Superficial rope burn

A

generally only reddened, thickened skin

49
Q

Partial thickness rope burn

A

edema under the skin, intense inflammation and pain. Strong chance of becoming infected

50
Q

Full thickness rope burn

A

displays leathery and tanned tissue, extensive limb swelling, and may be numb

51
Q

Topicals that slow wound healing (4)

A

Tincture of Iodine
Soaps and detergents
Hydrogen peroxide
Alcohol (rubbing or isopropyl)

52
Q

Useful antiseptics (8)

A
  1. A&D
  2. Triple antibiotic ointment
  3. Silver sulfadiazine
  4. nolvasan (chlorhexidine)
  5. Povidone iodine
  6. Aloe vera
  7. Sugardine
  8. Unprocessed honey

USHJA Horsemanship (16 decks)

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