TA 5 Flashcards
Tally
**The word “tally” can be used both as a noun and a verb, and it refers to the process of counting or keeping a record of numbers or quantities. **
As a Noun A “tally” is a total count or score, or a record of amounts or numbers. It’s often used to keep track of scores, quantities, or occurrences.
- The final tally of votes showed that the proposal was approved.
As a Verb To “tally” means to count or add up. It can also mean to make a record of numbers or to ensure that records agree with each other
- They tallied the results from all polling stations.
to match or agree with something else:
- The numbers on your spreadsheet don’t tally with ours.
убедительно; решительно; несомненно; безбоязненно (Andrew Goff); решающим образом (scherfas); окончательно; явно; определённо
**“Decisively” is an adverb that describes the manner of doing something in a way that is clear, definite, and shows determination. When an action is performed decisively, it is done with confidence and firmness, leaving no doubt about the intent or the outcome. **
-The CEO acted decisively to steer the company through the crisis, implementing a clear plan that saved numerous jobs.
- The electorate voted decisively to change the country’s electoral system.
- He decisively changes lane with no signal.
Concede/admit/acknowledge
Concede:
To admit, often reluctantly, that something is true or correct after first denying it or resisting it. In the context of competitions or conflicts, it can also mean to acknowledge defeat.
*Concede” is used in situations where someone has to acknowledge a point in an argument or a loss in a contest. *
- The politician conceded defeat after the final vote count was announced.
Difference: The term often implies a certain level of reluctance or resistance before the admission or acknowledgment.
Admit:
To confess or acknowledge something as true, typically something regarded as wrongdoing or an uncomfortable fact.
*“Admit” is used when someone accepts the truth of something, often after trying to hide it or avoid it. *
- He admitted his mistake and apologized.
Difference: “Admit” is more about acknowledging facts or faults and is less formal than “concede.” It doesn’t necessarily imply a previous dispute or resistance to the same extent as “concede.”
Acknowledge:
To accept or admit the existence or truth of something. It’s also used to recognize the importance or quality of something.
“Acknowledge” is used in a broad range of contexts, from recognizing someone’s contribution to accepting facts or truths.
- She acknowledged his expertise in the subject.
Difference: “Acknowledge” is more neutral and less about admitting something reluctantly. It’s often used to recognize facts or to show that you have noticed or appreciated someone or something.
Surrender:
To give up or yield to the control or possession of another. In the context of conflict, it means to stop fighting and submit to an authority.
“Surrender” is often used in more serious or formal contexts, such as military conflicts or legal matters.
- The troops were forced to surrender after being surrounded.
Difference: “Surrender” implies giving up completely and is more about yielding control or position than just admitting a fact or point in an argument.
While “concede,” “admit,” “acknowledge,” and “surrender” all involve accepting or yielding to something, the nuances of these terms vary, with “concede” often implying initial resistance or conflict, “admit” focusing on confession or acceptance, “acknowledge” being more about recognition or acceptance, and “surrender” involving giving up control or position.
Vanquish - verb [ T ]
Vanquish
Vanquish:
To defeat thoroughly or overcome completely, especially in a conflict or competition.
“Vanquish” is often used in literary or dramatic contexts and carries a connotation of a decisive and complete victory, often against an adversary that is perceived as formidable or threatening.
Difference: Compared to “defeat” and “conquer,” “vanquish” emphasizes a more comprehensive and overwhelming victory. It’s often used in contexts where the victory is not just about winning, but also about triumphing over a significant challenge or opponent.
- A hero in a story might vanquish a villain, implying not just a win, but a total and resounding triumph.
Defeat:
Meaning: To win against someone in a battle, contest, or other competition; to cause someone to fail.
Usage: “Defeat” is a general term that can be applied in various contexts, from sports and games to political and personal struggles. It focuses on winning against an opponent or overcoming a challenge.
Difference: “Defeat” is more neutral and less dramatic than “vanquish.” It doesn’t inherently carry the same sense of totality or dominance. It’s simply about winning or prevailing, without the implications of complete subjugation or overwhelming force.
- A sports team defeats another team in a match, or a candidate defeats another in an election.
Conquer:
Meaning: To gain control of or overcome by force; to successfully deal with or gain control over something.
Usage: “Conquer” is often used in contexts involving battles, territories, or personal challenges. It implies not just defeating but also gaining control, dominance, or mastery over something.
Difference: Compared to “vanquish” and “defeat,” “conquer” suggests a level of control or ownership after the victory. It’s not just about winning but also about ruling, mastering, or overcoming in a way that establishes dominance or control.
- An army conquers a territory, meaning it not only wins the battle but also takes control of the area. Or, an individual conquers their fear, meaning they not only face it but also gain mastery over it.
In summary, while all three terms involve the notion of overcoming or triumphing, “vanquish” emphasizes a dramatic and complete victory, “defeat” is a more general and neutral term for winning, and “conquer” implies gaining control or mastery in addition to winning.
reluctance - noun [ S or U ]
/rɪˈlʌk.təns/
an unwillingness to do something:
- I accepted his resignation with great reluctance.
- [ + to infinitive ] Her reluctance to talk to the press was quite understandable.
Understudied - adjective
/ˌʌn.dɚˈstʌd.id/
слабоизученный, малоизученный
An understudied subject has not been studied as much as it should be or as much as you would expect:
- The terrapin is a surprisingly understudied species.
- Heart disease in women has been understudied for years.
Discrepancy - noun [ C or U ] formal
/dɪˈskrep.ən.si/
a difference between two things that should be the same:
- discrepancy between There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
- discrepancy in The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.
discrepancy | BUSINESS ENGLISH
a difference between two figures, results, etc. that are expected to be the same:
- A balance sheet review uncovered discrepancies totalling €30 million.
- Shareholders questioned the discrepancy between pay figures in the trust’s annual report and those shown in the accounts.
- Employers will have 90 days to resolve discrepancies in their records.
- a huge/growing/wide discrepancy
- account for/explain a discrepancy An official spokesman refused to explain the discrepancy.
double down (on sth)
“double down” is used metaphorically to describe the act of significantly increasing one’s effort or commitment to a particular course of action, especially when that course is potentially risky or when doubling down is done in response to resistance or criticism. It implies a firm belief in one’s stance or strategy and a refusal to back down, even in the face of adversity.
- Expect to see Fox double down on its marketing efforts to give the movie a big boost.
- Instead of learning from his mistakes, he’s doubling down.
vulnerable - adjective
/ˈvʌl·nər·ə·bəl/
able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked; being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.
- Older people are especially vulnerable to cold temperatures even inside their homes.
- He casts himself as a naive, vulnerable young poet.
