Lesson 17 Y words Flashcards
through
preposition, adverb
UK /θruː/ US /θruː/
through preposition, adverb (PLACE)
A2 (also US not standard thru)
from one end or side of something to the other:
- They walked slowly through the woods.
- The boy waded through the water to reach his boat.
- He struggled through the crowd till he reached the front.
- How long the journey takes will depend on how long it takes to get through the traffic.
- Her words kept running through my mind/head (= I kept hearing her words in my imagination).
- We drove through the tunnel.
- I saw him drive through a red light (= he did not stop at the red traffic light).
- I’ll put you through (= connect you by phone) (to the sales department).
through preposition, adverb (TIME)
B1
from the beginning to the end of a period of time:
- It rained all/right through June and into the first half of July.
- We sat through two of the speeches and then left.
- She had just enough energy to get through the day.
- US She works Monday through Thursday (= from Monday to Thursday).
through preposition (RESULT)
B1
as a result of:
- The company lost the order through production delays.
through preposition (USING)
B1
by; using:
- I got my car through my brother who works in a garage.
- We sold the bike through advertising in the local paper.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
unobstructed
adjective
UK/ˌʌn.əbˈstrʌk.tɪd/ US/ˌʌn.əbˈstrʌk.tɪd/
not blocked, so that it is easy to see something or go somewhere:
- Because they are built on a steep angle, the seats provide unobstructed views.
- All fire exits were well marked and unobstructed.
not prevented from doing something:
- The First Amendment guarantees the press unobstructed access to information.
<a>Cambridge</a>
obstruct
verb [ T ]
UK /əbˈstrʌkt/ US /əbˈstrʌkt/
to block a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that nothing can go along it, or to prevent something from happening correctly by putting difficulties in its way:
- After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings.
- Her view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar.
- An accident is obstructing traffic on the M11.
to try to stop something from happening or developing:
- to obstruct a police investigation
- UK He got five years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructing the course of justice.
- US He was charged with obstructing justice.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
faint
verb [ I ]
UK /feɪnt/ US /feɪnt/
to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down:
- He faints at the sight of blood.
- I nearly fainted in the heat.
- She took one look at the hypodermic needle and fainted (dead) away (= became unconscious immediately).
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
allege
verb [ T ] formal
UK /əˈledʒ/ US /əˈledʒ/
утверждать,ссылаться, приписывать
C2
to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof:
- [ + (that) ] The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make false confessions.
- [ + to infinitive ] She is alleged to have been at the centre of an international drug ring.
- [ + that ] It was alleged that Johnson had struck Mr Rahim on the head.
alleged
adjective [ not gradable ] US /əˈledʒd/
- the alleged crime/incident/wrongdoing
allegedly
якобы, будто-бы
adverb [ not gradable ] US /əˈledʒ·ɪd·li/
- The company is being investigated for allegedly falsifying sales records.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
carry sth out
— phrasal verb with carry verb
UK /ˈkær.i/ US /ˈker.i/
проводить, выносить, завершать, доводить до конца
B1
to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do:
- Dr Carter is carrying out research on early Christian art.
- The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what’s wrong with her.
- Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night.
- It is hoped that the kidnappers will not carry out their threat to kill the hostages.
- Don’t blame me, I’m only carrying out my orders/instructions.
<a>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB9s6fLC-mU</a>
bigotry
noun [ U ] disapproving
UK /ˈbɪɡ.ə.tri/ US /ˈbɪɡ.ə.tri/
фанатизм, слепая приверженность
the fact of having and expressing strong, unreasonable beliefs and disliking other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life:
- religious/racial bigotry
strong, unreasonable ideas, esp. about race or religion:
- racial/religious bigotry
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
bring sth up
— phrasal verb with bring verb [ T ]
UK /brɪŋ/ US /brɪŋ/
brought | brought
(TALK)
B2
to start to talk about a particular subject:
- She’s always bringing up her health problems.
- Nobody was willing to bring up the subject of pay at the meeting.
(SHOW ON SCREEN)
to cause something to appear on a screen:
- Clicking on the icon brings up a dialogue box.
- You can bring up the menu by right-clicking on the title bar.
- A click on the title of any movie will bring it up on the screen.
VOMIT
UK informal
to vomit something:
- She was crying so much I thought she’d bring up her breakfast.
<a>isweareenglish bring up</a><br></br><a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
deprive
verb [ T ]
UK /dɪˈpraɪv/ US /dɪˈpraɪv/
лишать, отнимать, обделять
B2
to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone:
- He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom/rights.
- You can’t function properly when you’re deprived of sleep.
- He pulled me from the table and hurried me into the car, depriving me of my lunch!
- I’ve been deprived of your company for too long - come and see me soon.
- Some parents deprive themselves of many pleasures so that their children can have the best of everything.
- He complained that his captors had deprived him of his basic human rights.
- If you deprive a child of affection, they can become very withdrawn.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
steer
verb
UK /stɪər/ US /stɪr/
B2 [ I or T ]
to control the direction of a vehicle:
- She carefully steered the car around the potholes.
- This car is very easy to steer.
[ I or T ]
If a vehicle steers, it follows a particular route or direction:
- The ship passed Land’s End, in Cornwall, then steered towards southern Ireland.
[ T usually + adv/prep ]
to take someone or something or make someone or something go in the direction in which you want him, her, or it:
- She steered her guests into the dining room.
- I’d like to steer our discussion back to our original topic.
- The main task of the new government will be to steer the country towards democracy.
steer | BUSINESS ENGLISH
to make something or someone go in a particular direction or progress in a particular way:
- steer sth back to sth I’d like to steer our discussion back to our original topic.
- steer sth through sth The new CEO will have to steer the company through choppy waters.
MANAGEMENT
to be in charge of a company, organization, etc.:
- We have done a lot of long-term thinking about how we will steer the company.
steer a course/path
to take a series of actions carefully in order to achieve a particular thing:
- The government will steer a course of stability for the economy.
steer clear
to avoid someone or something that seems unpleasant, risky, or dangerous:
- steer clear (of sth/sb) He tries to steer clear of an overdraft on his current account.
- She has managed to steer clear of any suggestion of a conflict of interest.
- The risks are high, and careful investors should steer clear.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
underway
adjective [ after verb ] (also under way)
UK /ˌʌn.dəˈweɪ/ US /ˌʌn.dɚˈweɪ/
C2
If something is underway, it is happening now:
- Economic recovery is already underway.
get underway
C2
to begin:
- The film festival gets underway on 11 July .
- It’s time to get this project underway (= started).
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
suggest
verb [ T ]
UK /səˈdʒest/ US /səˈdʒest/
suggest verb [T] (MENTION)
B1
to mention an idea, possible plan, or action for other people to consider:
- I suggested an Italian restaurant near the station for the party.
- formal Might I suggest a white wine with your salmon, sir?
- [ + (that) ] I suggest (that) we wait a while before we make any firm decisions.
- Liz suggested (that) I try the shop on Mill Road.
- [ + -ing verb ] I suggested putting the matter to the committee.
- [ + question word ] Can you suggest where I could buy a dozen roses?
suggest verb [T] (SHOW/EXPRESS)
B2
to communicate or show an idea or feeling without stating it directly or giving proof:
- [ + (that) ] There’s no absolute proof, but all the evidence suggests (that) he’s guilty.
- Are you suggesting (that) I look fat in these trousers?
- Something about his manner suggested a lack of interest in what we were doing.
suggest verb [T] (PRODUCE AN IDEA)
formal
to produce an idea in the mind:
- Does anything suggest itself? (= Do you have any ideas about what we should do?)
to communicate or show an idea or feeling without stating it directly:
- His manner suggested a lack of interest in what we were doing.
- [ + that clause ] She’s applied for a lot of jobs recently, which suggests that she’s not altogether happy with her position.
<a>isweareenglish suggests/advise</a><br></br><a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
spur
verb [ T ]
UK /spɜːr/ US /spɝː/
-rr-
пришпоривать, побуждать, подстрекать
spur verb [T] (ENCOURAGE)
C2
to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster:
- Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth.
- Spurred (on) by her early success, she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession.
spur verb [T] (SHARP OBJECT)
to push spurs into the side of a horse to make it go faster:
- He spurred his horse on and shouted “Faster! Faster!”
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
prospect
noun
UK /ˈprɒs.pekt/ US /ˈprɑː.spekt/
prospect noun (POSSIBILITY)
B2 [ C or U ]
the possibility that something good might happen in the future:
- Is there any prospect of the weather improving?
- There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute.
- [ + that ] There’s not much prospect that this war will be over soon.
- There’s every prospect of success.
prospects B2 [ plural ]
the possibility of being successful, especially at work:
- She’s hoping the course will improve her career prospects.
- Prospects of/for (= opportunities for) employment remain bleak for most people in the area.
C2 [ S ]
the idea of something that will or might happen in the future:
- The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror.
- I’m very excited at the prospect of seeing her again.
- We face the prospect of having to start all over again.
[ C ]
a person who might be chosen, for example as an employee:
- We’ll be interviewing four more prospects for the jobs this afternoon.
[ C ] formal
a good view of a large land area or of a city:
- From the restaurant there was a marvellous prospect of/over the valley and the mountains beyond.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
alteration
noun
UK /ˌɒl.təˈreɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɑːl.t̬əˈreɪ.ʃən/
изменение, переделка, пересторойка, перемена
C1 [ C ]
a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character, or structure of something:
- Several police officers are being questioned about the alteration of the documents.
- The house needed extensive alterations when we moved in.
- Some alterations to our original plans might be necessary.
[ C or U ]
a change or changes made to the size or shape of a piece of clothing so that it fits better:
- She’s getting some alterations done to her dress.
C1 [ U ]
the process of changing something:
- The landscape has undergone considerable alteration.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
perplexing
adjective
UK /pəˈplek.sɪŋ/ US /pɚˈplek.sɪŋ/
сбивающий с толку, озадачивающий
confusing, often because you do not know how to solve something:
- They find the company’s attitude perplexing and unreasonable.
- The rise in childhood mental illness is perplexing.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
wrap your head around sth
also wrap your mind around sth); (UK also get your mind around sth
to succeed in understanding something difficult or strange:
- I find it hard to wrap my head around such complex issues.
<a>Cambridge</a>
wig
noun [ C ]
UK /wɪɡ/ US /wɪɡ/
a covering of artificial hair worn on the head to hide a loss of hair or to cover your own hair:
- She was wearing a blonde wig.
- In Britain, judges wear white wigs in court.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
celery
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈsel.ər.i/ US /ˈsel.ɚ.i/
сельдерей
a vegetable with long, thin, whitish or pale green stems that can be eaten uncooked or cooked:
- a stick of celery
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
crane
noun [ C ]
UK /kreɪn/ US /kreɪn/
кран, журавль
a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part, used for lifting and moving heavy objects:
- The crane lifted the container off the ship.
crane noun [C] (BIRD)
a tall bird with long, thin legs and a long neck
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
scaffolding
noun [ U ]
UK /ˈskæf.əl.dɪŋ/ US /ˈskæf.əl.dɪŋ/
строительные леса, подмостки
a structure of metal poles and wooden boards put against a building for workers to stand on when they want to reach the higher parts of the building:
- Scaffolding has been erected around the tower and repair work will start next week.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
relapse
verb [ I ] formal
UK /rɪˈlæps/ US /rɪˈlæps/
снова впадать, снова заболевать, снова передаваться
to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement:
- She managed to stop using drugs for a month, but then relapsed.
- He looked happy for a brief while, before relapsing into silent misery.
to return to a previous bad condition or a worse way of life after making an improvement:
- She briefly relapsed twice after being released from the hospital.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
descend
verb
UK /dɪˈsend/ US /dɪˈsend/
descend verb (POSITION) B2 [ I or T ] formal to go or come down: - The path descended steeply into the valley. - Jane descended the stairs.
[ I ] literary
- If darkness or night descends, it becomes dark and day changes to night.
descend verb (NEGATIVE MOOD)
[ I ] literary
If a negative or bad feeling descends, it is felt everywhere in a place or by everyone at the same time:
- A feeling of despair descended (on us) as we realized that we were lost.
[ I ] literary
If a condition, usually a negative condition, descends, it quickly develops in every part of a place:
- Silence descended on the room/over the countryside.
to go down or come down something:
- [ I ] The path descends to the valley below.
- [ T ] Jane descended the stairs slowly in her wedding gown.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
embark
verb [ I ] formal
UK /ɪmˈbɑːk/ US /ɪmˈbɑːrk/
to go on to a ship or an aircraft:
- He embarked for India in 1817
- We embarked at Liverpool for New York.
- We embarked at Miami for our Caribbean cruise.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
strip sth away
— phrasal verb with strip verb
UK /strɪp/ US /strɪp/
-pp-
to gradually reduce something important or something that has existed for a long time:
- If you strip away all the rhetoric, you’re left with an opinion that isn’t backed up by facts.
to get rid of something that is considered not to be necessary:
- Stripping away layers of bureaucracy would release the extra money necessary to develop services that patients really need.
to remove a large amount of money, for example from a budget, so that there is less to spend:
- Most of their profits have been stripped away by competitors.
solitary
adjective
UK /ˈsɒl.ɪ.tər.i/ US /ˈsɑː.lə.ter.i/
одинокий, безлюдный, уединённый, единичный
C2
A solitary person or thing is the only person or thing in a place:
- On the hill, a solitary figure was busy chopping down trees.
- In the distance was a solitary building.
- He was a solitary child (= he enjoyed being alone).
C2
done alone:
- solitary walks by the river
- fishing and other solitary pastimes
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
strive
verb [ I ]
UK /straɪv/ US /straɪv/
strove or strived | striven or strived
стремиться, бороться, стараться
C2
to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties:
- [ + to infinitive ] Mr Roe has kindled expectations that he must now strive to live up to.
- In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms.
- [ + to infinitive ] Neither Jefferson nor Madison was a pacifist, though both strove to keep America at peace.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
elaborate
verb [ I ] formal
UK /iˈlæb.ə.reɪt/ US /iˈlæb.ə.reɪt/
to add more information to or explain something that you have said:
- The congresswoman said she was resigning, but refused to elaborate on her reasons for doing so.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
elaborate
adjective
UK /iˈlæb.ər.ət/ US /iˈlæb.ɚ.ət/
C2
детально проработанный/продуманный
containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts:
- You want a plain blouse to go with that skirt - nothing too elaborate.
- They’re making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding.
- He came out with such an elaborate excuse that I didn’t quite believe him.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
suppress
verb [ T ]
UK /səˈpres/ US /səˈpres/
suppress verb [T] (END BY FORCE)
C2
to end something by force:
- The Hungarian uprising in 1956 was suppressed by the Soviet Union.
suppress verb [T] (PREVENT)
C2
to prevent something from being seen or expressed or from operating:
- She couldn’t suppress her anger/annoyance/delight.
- His feelings of resentment have been suppressed for years.
- The British government tried to suppress the book because of the information it contained about the security services.
- The virus suppresses the body’s immune system.
suppress | BUSINESS ENGLISH
to prevent something from being seen or expressed:
- Any decisions to suppress information would have been made by senior managers, not by shareholders.
- to prevent something from continuing or operating:
- They believed higher taxes on the rich would suppress their entrepreneurial and innovative vigor.
<a>Cambridge</a><br></br><a>Listen</a>
