Lesson 22 Y - words Flashcards
turn out
— phrasal verb with turn verb
UK /tɜːn/ US /tɝːn/
(HAPPEN)
B2
to happen in a particular way or to have a particular result, especially an unexpected one:
- As events turned out, we were right to have decided to leave early.
- How did the recipe turn out?
B2
to be known or discovered finally and surprisingly:
- [ + to infinitive ] The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.
- [ + that ] It turns out that she had known him when they were children.
(GO)
B2
If people turn out for an event, they go to be there or to watch:
- Thousands of people turned out to welcome the team home.
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endangered
adjective
UK /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒəd/ US /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒɚd/
in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful, etc.:
- Social workers who look after abused or endangered children often have stressful days at work.
- the endangered contracts of failing competitors
endangered birds/plants/species
B2
animals or plants that may soon not exist because there are very few now alive
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object
verb [ I ]
UK /əbˈdʒekt/ US /əbˈdʒekt/
B2
to feel or express opposition to or dislike of something or someone:
- Would anyone object if we started the meeting now?
- He objects to the label “magician”.
- No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.
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controversy
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˈkɒn.trə.vɜː.si/ /kənˈtrɒv.ə.si/ US /ˈkɑːn.trə.vɝː.si/
полемика, спор, дискуссия, ссора
C1
a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people:
- There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
- The policy has caused fierce/heated controversy ever since it was introduced.
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disadvantage
noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ US /ˌdɪs.ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒ/
B1
a condition or situation that causes problems, especially one that causes something or someone to be less successful than other things or people:
- One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play.
- We need to consider whether the disadvantages of the plan outweigh the advantages.
в невыгодном положении
at a disadvantage
C2
in a situation in which you are less likely to succeed than others:
- He’s at a disadvantage being so shy.
- This new law places/puts poorer families at a distinct disadvantage.
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curriculum
noun [ C ]
UK /kəˈrɪk.jə.ləm/ US /kəˈrɪk.jə.ləm/
plural curricula UK/kəˈrɪk.jə.lə/ US/kəˈrɪk.jə.lə/ curriculums
учебный план, план обучения
B1
the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes:
- the school curriculum
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genuinely
adverb
UK /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn.li/ US /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn.li/
искренне, неподдельно B2 really and sincerely: - I'm genuinely sorry for what I said. - She was genuinely pleased when he arrived.
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blossom
verb [ I ]
UK /ˈblɒs.əm/ US /ˈblɑː.səm/
When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten:
- The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.
When people blossom, they become more attractive, successful, or confident, and when good feelings or relationships blossom, they develop and become stronger:
- She has really blossomed recently.
- She is suddenly blossoming into a very attractive woman.
- Sean and Sarah’s friendship blossomed into love.
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turmoil
noun [ S or U ]
UK /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/ US /ˈtɝː.mɔɪl/
суматоха, смятение, беспорядок, шум
C2
a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder:
- The whole region is in turmoil.
- The country is in a state of political turmoil.
- The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.
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snow-capped
adjective
UK /ˈsnəʊ.kæpt/ US /ˈsnoʊ.kæpt/
Snow-capped mountains and hills have snow on the top of them.
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revolt
verb
UK /rɪˈvəʊlt/ US /rɪˈvoʊlt/
revolt verb (PROTEST)
C2 [ I ]
If a large number of people revolt, they refuse to be controlled or ruled, and take action against authority, often violent action:
- The people revolted against foreign rule and established their own government.
revolt verb (UNPLEASANT FEELING)
C2 [ T ]
to make someone feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted:
- We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house.
- It revolts me to know that the world spends so much money on arms when millions are dying of hunger.
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contemplate
verb [ I or T ]
UK /ˈkɒn.təm.pleɪt/ US /ˈkɑːn.t̬əm.pleɪt/
C2
to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way:
- [ + -ing verb ] I’m contemplating going abroad for a year.
- They were contemplating a move to California.
- It’s too awful/horrific/dangerous to contemplate.
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boulder
noun [ C ]
UK /ˈbəʊl.dər/ US /ˈboʊl.dɚ/
валун
a very large rock
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presume
verb
UK /prɪˈzjuːm/ US /prɪˈzuːm/
presume verb (BELIEVE)
C1 [ T ]
to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain:
- [ + (that) ] I presume (that) they’re not coming, since they haven’t replied to the invitation.
- [ + speech ] You are Dr Smith, I presume?
- [ + obj + adj ] The boat’s captain is missing, presumed dead (= it is believed that he is dead).
- In British law, you are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty.
- [ + obj + to infinitive ] The universe is presumed to contain many other planets with some form of life.
presume verb (BE RUDE) [ I ] to do something although you know that you do not have a right to do it: - [ + to infinitive ] I wouldn't presume to tell you how to do your job, but shouldn't this piece go there? - I don't wish to presume (= make a suggestion although I have no right to), but don't you think you should apologize to her?
presume on
To take advantage of someone or something in a presumptuous, unwarranted, or unwelcome manner:
- He presumes on her good nature (= takes unfair advantage of it).
- Thank you for your offer, but I wouldn’t want to presume on your hospitality.
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assume
verb [ T ]
UK /əˈsjuːm/ US /əˈsuːm/
assume verb [T] (ACCEPT)
B2
to accept something to be true without question or proof:
- [ + (that) ] I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school.
- Let’s assume (that) they’re coming and make plans on that basis.
- [ + to infinitive ] We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they’ve decided to remain silent.
- We mustn’t assume the suspects’ guilt.
assume verb [T] (PRETEND TO HAVE)
to pretend to have a different name or be someone you are not, or to express a feeling falsely:
- Moving to a different town, he assumed a false name.
- During the investigation, two detectives assumed the identities of antiques dealers.
- He assumed a look of indifference but I knew how he felt.
assume verb [T] (TAKE CONTROL)
C2
to take or begin to have responsibility or control, sometimes without the right to do so, or to begin to have a characteristic:
- The new president assumes office at midnight tonight.
- The terrorists assumed control of the plane and forced it to land in the desert.
- The issue has assumed considerable political proportions (= has become a big political problem).
assume | BUSINESS ENGLISH
to begin to take control of something:
(assume control/office/a role)
-Europe has assumed a leadership role in the prevention of future global crises.
(assume responsibility for sth)
- The FSA said mortgages would not be affected when it assumed responsibility for the regulation of mortgage sales.
(assume a debt/mortgage/risk)
- In addition to paying $3 billion in cash, the newspaper group will assume $600 million of the company’s debt.
to accept that something is true without being sure about it:
- We are assuming a 6% growth in sales.
(assume that)
- We can safely assume that we are ahead of the competition with this product.
- Assuming that all goes well, how long is the project expected to take?
to be based on a particular idea:
- These figures assume that inflation will rise no higher than 2%.
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swirl
verb
UK /swɜːl/ US /swɝːl/
кружить в водовороте, образовывать водоворот, обвивать
[ I or T, usually + adv/prep ]
to move quickly with a twisting, circular movement, or to make something do this:
- The fog swirled thickly around us.
- Swirl a little oil around the frying pan.
[ I ]
If ideas or stories about somebody or something swirl, they are often heard but may not be based on fact or may not always say the same thing:
- Rumours have swirled for years that he is on the point of retiring.
- Much of the controversy that swirls around her ignores the actual content of her work.
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saturated
adjective
UK /ˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd/ US /ˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.t̬ɪd/
насыщенный, пропитанный, интенсивный, глубокий
saturated adjective (WET)
completely wet:
- It’s pouring down outside - I’m absolutely saturated!
- The drainage system prevents the soil from becoming saturated.
saturated adjective (FILLED)
completely filled with something so that no more can be added:
- Even with 10,000 users, the server is not saturated.
- The airwaves are saturated with advertising.
saturated adjective (MARKET)
If the market for a product is saturated, there is more of the product available than there are people who want to buy it. :
- With western markets more or less saturated, international phone companies are looking to the developing world.
- The company operated in a competitive and heavily saturated environment.
saturated adjective (COLOUR) (of colours in photographs, films, or paintings) bright or deep: - He covered large canvases with vigorous brushstrokes and blooms of saturated colour.
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confine
verb
UK /kənˈfaɪn/ US /kənˈfaɪn/
держать взаперти, огрничивать
C2 [ T ]
to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
- Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
- Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
- By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region (= stop it from spreading to other areas).
C2 [ T usually passive ]
to keep someone closed in a place, often by force:
- The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn’t cope with the outside world.
be confined to somewhere/sth
to exist only in a particular area or group of people:
- We know that the illness is not confined to any one group in society.
- This attitude seems to be confined to the very wealthy.
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