T8: Management of Trauma and Medical Emergencies Flashcards
Level 1 Trauma Center
*Provides comprehensive trauma care
*Regional resource center that provides leadership in education, research, and systems planning
*Providers immediately available, including trauma surgeon, anesthesiologist, physician specialists, and nurses
Level 2 Trauma Center
*Provides comprehensive trauma care as a supplement to a Level I center
*Meets the same provider expectations for care as a Level I center
*Is not required to participate in education and research
Level 3 Trauma Center
*Provides prompt, immediate emergency care and stabilization of patient with transfer to a higher level of care
* Serves a community that does not have immediate access to a Level I or II center
Level 4 Trauma Center
*Provides advanced trauma life support prior to transfer
*Primary goal is to resuscitate and stabilize the patient and arrange for immediate transfer to a higher level of care
Primary prevention
prevent the event (ex: driving safety classes, speed limits, campaigns not to drink and drive)
secondary prevention
minimize the impact of the traumatic event (ex: seat belt, airbags, car sears, helmets)
Tertiary prevention
maximize patient outcomes after a traumatic event through emergency response systems, medical care, and rehabilitation
Trauma team
similar to a code team; preassigned team response for trauma patients that include every specialty
triage
means sorting the patients to determine which patients need specialized care for actual or potential injuries
HINT HINT: primary survey
-identify life threatening conditions
-FOCUS ON ABCs, DISABILITY, EXPOSURE, facilitates the benefits of allowing family to be present when caring for a family member
-appropriate interventions started
HINT HINT: secondary survey
-begins addressing each step of primary survey
-a brief systematic process identifies all injuries
-start life saving interventions
why is famaily helpful in primary survey
family can help tell what happened if the patient cannot
HINT HINT: glasgow coma scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
If uncontrolled external hemorrhage is noted
*the usual ABC assessment format may be reprioritized to <C>ABC for hemorrhage control.
-The <C> stands for catastrophic hemorrhage and, if present, needs to be controlled first</C></C>
intervention for hemorrhage
Apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing followed by a pressure dressing to any obvious bleeding sites
mnemonic to determine level of consciousness
AVPU: A = alert, V = responsive to voice, P = responsive to pain, and U = unresponsive.
Primary Survey (ABCDEFGHI
A-AIRWAY/CERVICAL
SPINE
B-BREATHING
C-CIRCULATION
D-DISABILITY-(LOC,
Glasgow Coma
Scale)
E-EXPOSURE-
(Clothes off)
F-FACILITATE/
FAMILY-(Vital signs,
family to stay)
G - GET RESUSCITATION ADJUNCTS
Secondary Survey (HI)
H-HISTORY/
HEAD TO TOE
ASSESSMENT
I-INSPECT
POSTERIOR
SURFACES
heat exhaustion s/s
-<105
-dizziness, weakness, fatigue
-headache
–moist/sweaty skin
-dry tongue, thirst
-low BP, high HR
-confusion
causes of heat exhaustion
-decreased fluid intake
-increased heat exposure
-increased activity -prolonged/excessive sweating, dehydration
heat stroke vs heat exhaustion
heat exhaustion <105, poor fluid intake,
heat stroke: >105; hypotension
heat stroke s/s
-hot, dry, flushed skin
–kin may be moist or wet at first, but then IMPAIRED SWEATING
->105
–AMS
–may become unresponsive very quickly
-increase HR & RR
-hypotension
-cerebral edema (seizure, delirum, coma)
main goal of heat related injury
get fluids and cool them down
what fluids are given in heat related injuries
normal saline (IV)
interventions for stroke related injury
-normal saline (IV)
-COOL: cooling blanket, wet sheet or towel, fan
why is heat stroke so serious
they can cause seizures (seiz. precautions) or go into a coma and die
