T4: Pericarditis & Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

aneruysm

Answer 1

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

Question 2

Aortic dissection

Answer 2

diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart/bursts

Question 3

pericarditis

Answer 3

*an inflammatory process of the pericardial sac

Question 4

in pericarditis the pericardial sac contains how much serious fluid

Answer 4

10 to 15 mL

Question 5

The pericardium serves as

Answer 5

an anchoring function and provides lubrication to decrease friction between heart contractions

Question 6

HINT HINT main s/s of pericarditis

Answer 6

They have chest pain and you hear GRATING SOUND OF FRICTION RUB

Question 7

positioning for client with pericarditis

Answer 7

do not lay the patient down HOB UP and give O2

Question 8

HINT HINT what is the cardinal sign we see on a cardiac monitor for pericarditis

Answer 8

ST elevation in all 12 leads

Question 9

pericardial centesis

Answer 9

The draining of fluid from the pericardium through needle and test the fluid

Question 10

we treat pericarditis like its…

Answer 10

bacterial (with antibiotics) until proven other wise

Question 11

common causes of pericarditis

Answer 11

INFECTION, renal failure, trauma, RF, MI, myxedema, aortic aneurysm. lupus

Question 12

clinical manifestations of pericarditis

Answer 12

-severe sharp chest pain
pain radiate to neck arm or L shoulder
-PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB

Question 13

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 13

pressure/compression on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

Question 14

Pericardial Tamponade

Answer 14

filling of the pericardial sac with fluid, which in turn limits the filling and function of the heart.

Question 15

Care for pericarditis

Answer 15

*Antibiotics to treat bacterial pericarditis
*NSAIDS
*Corticosteroids
*Pericardiocentesis
*Pericardial Window for persisting fluid or tamponade

Question 16

management for pericarditis

Answer 16

*Management of pain and anxiety
*Client on bedrest with head of bed 45degrees
*Administer medications as ordered.

Question 17

position for pericardiosentesis

Answer 17

FLAT so heart falls back, sedation if at all possible

Question 18

Infective Endocarditis

Answer 18

inflammation of the endocardial layer of the heart, including the heart valves

Question 19

causes for infective endocarditis

Answer 19

*Bacterial most common
*Viruses
*Fungi
*Categories of high, moderate, and low risk of developing IE
-iv drug abuse

Question 20

principal risk factors for infective endocarditis

Answer 20

*Prosthetic valves
*Hemodialysis
*IV drug abuse (IVDA)

Question 21

vegitation

Answer 21

*Fibrin, leukocytes, platelets, and microbes
*Stick to the valve or endocardium

Question 22

if a vegitation breaks off and enters into circulation…

Answer 22

*Left-sided vegetation can move to brain, kidneys, spleen
*Right-sided vegetation can move to lungs (PE)

Question 23

clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis

Answer 23

• may be acute, subacute, or chronic
• fever
• weakness, fatigue, weight loss
• new or changed murmur
• petechial lesion of the skin, conjunctiva and oral mucosa
• osler nodes: painful erythematous nodules on the pads of the fingers and toes
• janeway lesions: non painful hemorrhagic lesions on the palms and soles
  -roth spots
  -s[linter hemorrhage in nail beds

Question 24

management for infective endocarditis

Answer 24

*Prophylactic antibiotic treatment for select patients having dental or other procedures
*Accurate identification of organism
*IV antibiotics (long-term)
*Repeat blood cultures
*Valve replacement if needed
*Antipyretics
*Fluids
*Rest

Question 25

assessment for infective endocarditis

Answer 25

*Weight changes
*Chills
*Hematuria
*Exercise intolerance, weakness, fatigue
*Cough, DOE, orthopnea, palpitations
*Night sweats
*Pain, headache, joint, or muscle tenderness
*Arthralgia and myalgias
*Petechiae, purpura
*Osler’s nodes
*Splinter hemorrhage
*Janeway’s lesions

Question 26

cardiomyopathy

Answer 26

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle, DECREASE CO BECAUSE HEART ISNT WORKING WELL

Question 27

diagnoisis for cardiomyopathy

Answer 27

Electrocardiogram
* b-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
* Chest x-ray
* Echocardiogram
* Nuclear imaging studies
* Heart catheterization
* Endomyocardial biopsy

Question 28

clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathy

Answer 28

progresses to HF
*Decreased exercise capacity, Fatigue
*Dyspnea at rest and PND and Orthopnea
*Dry cough
*Palpitations
*Abdominal bloating, hepatomegaly, JVD
*S3, S4, murmurs
*Dysrhythmias
*Pulmonary crackles
*Edema
*Weak peripheral pulses
*Pallor

Question 29

drug therapy for cardiomyopathy

Answer 29

• Nitrates (except in hypertrophic CMP)
• β-Blockers
• Antidysrhythmics
• ACE inhibitors: drop BP
• Diuretics
• Digitalis (except in hypertrophic CMP unless used to treat atrial fibrillation)
• Anticoagulants (if indicated)

Question 30

surgical intervention fr cardiomyopathy

Answer 30

• Ventricular assist device
• Cardiac resynchronization therapy
• Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
• Surgical repair
• Heart transplantation
• Cardiac rehabilitation
• Palliative and hospice care