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PHR 938 Endocrine B1 > T4 Readings > Flashcards

T4 Readings Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommended approach for monitoring glycemic status?

A

Assess by A1C or CGM metrics at least two times a year.

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2
Q

How often should glycemic status be assessed for individuals not meeting glycemic goals?

A

Quarterly or more frequently if necessary.

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3
Q

What is the primary risk factor for ASCVD in individuals with diabetes?

A

Hypertension and dyslipidemia.

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4
Q

What is the preferred therapy for type 1 diabetes?

A

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily doses of prandial and basal insulin.

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5
Q

What should be done if insulin basal dose exceeds 0.5 units/kg/day in adults with type 2 diabetes?

A

Reevaluate therapy to avoid overbasalization.

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6
Q

What is the role of CGM in diabetes management?

A

Improves glycemic outcomes, quality of life, and minimizes hypoglycemia.

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7
Q

What is the A1C target for most adults with diabetes?

A

A1C < 7%.

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8
Q

What is the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on patients with diabetes?

A

Decreases hypoglycemia and enhances self-efficacy.

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9
Q

Which patients benefit from CGM?

A

Patients with type 1 diabetes and selected patients with type 2 diabetes.

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10
Q

What is the threshold for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to diagnose diabetes?

A

FPG ≥126 mg/dL.

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11
Q

What are the complications of untreated diabetes?

A

Blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart disease.

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12
Q

How frequently should patients with diabetes be screened for cardiovascular disease?

A

At least annually.

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13
Q

What are the glycemic targets for patients with diabetes?

A

Fasting glucose 80-130 mg/dL, A1C < 7%.

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14
Q

What are the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Reduces risk of heart failure hospitalization and improves kidney outcomes.

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15
Q

How often should glucose monitoring be done in patients with insulin therapy?

A

At least quarterly or more frequently if not meeting glycemic goals.

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16
Q

What is the recommended treatment for individuals with ASCVD?

A

Use SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists with cardiovascular benefits.

17
Q

What is the role of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes management?

A

Used when glycemic control is not achieved with oral medications alone.

18
Q

What should be monitored when using SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Kidney function, as SGLT2 inhibitors can improve kidney outcomes but may have risks.

19
Q

What is overbasalization in insulin therapy?

A

When basal insulin doses exceed 0.5 units/kg/day and cause issues such as hypoglycemia.

20
Q

What is the role of lifestyle modifications in preventing diabetes?

A

Diet and exercise can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.

21
Q

What is the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure hospitalization?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization.

22
Q

For which patients are SGLT2 inhibitors especially recommended?

A

Patients with established ASCVD, CKD, or indicators of high ASCVD risk.

23
Q

How often should ASCVD risk factors be assessed in patients with diabetes?

A

At least annually.

24
Q

What are some modifiable ASCVD risk factors in diabetes?

A

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, CKD, obesity.

25
Q

What is the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in cardiovascular risk?

A

GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.

26
Q

Which class of medications is recommended for patients with CKD and diabetes?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists.

27
Q

What is the preferred treatment for patients with heart failure and diabetes?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors.

28
Q

How is glycemic control assessed in individuals with diabetes?

A

A1C levels or CGM metrics.

29
Q

How often should A1C be measured in stable patients?

A

At least two times per year.

30
Q

What is the recommended A1C target for most adults with diabetes?

A

A1C < 7%.

PHR 938 Endocrine B1 (13 decks)

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