T4 Readings Flashcards
What is the recommended approach for monitoring glycemic status?
Assess by A1C or CGM metrics at least two times a year.
How often should glycemic status be assessed for individuals not meeting glycemic goals?
Quarterly or more frequently if necessary.
What is the primary risk factor for ASCVD in individuals with diabetes?
Hypertension and dyslipidemia.
What is the preferred therapy for type 1 diabetes?
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily doses of prandial and basal insulin.
What should be done if insulin basal dose exceeds 0.5 units/kg/day in adults with type 2 diabetes?
Reevaluate therapy to avoid overbasalization.
What is the role of CGM in diabetes management?
Improves glycemic outcomes, quality of life, and minimizes hypoglycemia.
What is the A1C target for most adults with diabetes?
A1C < 7%.
What is the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on patients with diabetes?
Decreases hypoglycemia and enhances self-efficacy.
Which patients benefit from CGM?
Patients with type 1 diabetes and selected patients with type 2 diabetes.
What is the threshold for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to diagnose diabetes?
FPG ≥126 mg/dL.
What are the complications of untreated diabetes?
Blindness, kidney failure, amputations, heart disease.
How frequently should patients with diabetes be screened for cardiovascular disease?
At least annually.
What are the glycemic targets for patients with diabetes?
Fasting glucose 80-130 mg/dL, A1C < 7%.
What are the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Reduces risk of heart failure hospitalization and improves kidney outcomes.
How often should glucose monitoring be done in patients with insulin therapy?
At least quarterly or more frequently if not meeting glycemic goals.
What is the recommended treatment for individuals with ASCVD?
Use SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists with cardiovascular benefits.
What is the role of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes management?
Used when glycemic control is not achieved with oral medications alone.
What should be monitored when using SGLT2 inhibitors?
Kidney function, as SGLT2 inhibitors can improve kidney outcomes but may have risks.
What is overbasalization in insulin therapy?
When basal insulin doses exceed 0.5 units/kg/day and cause issues such as hypoglycemia.
What is the role of lifestyle modifications in preventing diabetes?
Diet and exercise can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.
What is the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure hospitalization?
SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization.
For which patients are SGLT2 inhibitors especially recommended?
Patients with established ASCVD, CKD, or indicators of high ASCVD risk.
How often should ASCVD risk factors be assessed in patients with diabetes?
At least annually.
What are some modifiable ASCVD risk factors in diabetes?
Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, CKD, obesity.
What is the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in cardiovascular risk?
GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.
Which class of medications is recommended for patients with CKD and diabetes?
SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists.
What is the preferred treatment for patients with heart failure and diabetes?
SGLT2 inhibitors.
How is glycemic control assessed in individuals with diabetes?
A1C levels or CGM metrics.
How often should A1C be measured in stable patients?
At least two times per year.
What is the recommended A1C target for most adults with diabetes?
A1C < 7%.
