T3 PPTs Flashcards
What are the general glycemic control goals for most patients with type 2 diabetes?
A1C <7%.
What exceptions warrant a less stringent A1C goal in type 2 diabetes?
Older adults, patients with frequent hypoglycemia, or advanced complications.
How often should A1C be measured in patients who are not meeting their glycemic goals?
Every 3 months.
What is the first-line pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes?
Metformin, unless contraindicated.
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of metformin?
2000 mg/day.
What should be monitored in patients taking metformin long-term?
Vitamin B12 levels and eGFR.
What is the recommended A1C goal for younger patients without complications?
A1C <6.5%.
What is the target premeal glucose level for most patients with type 2 diabetes?
80–130 mg/dL.
How should glucose control be approached in patients with high cardiorenal risk?
Use GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors.
When should dual therapy be initiated in type 2 diabetes management?
If A1C is not at target after 3 months of monotherapy.
What are some major risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Obesity, family history, hypertension, and older age.
What fasting glucose level is diagnostic for type 2 diabetes?
FPG ≥126 mg/dL.
What is considered a normal BMI for adults?
18.5-24.9 kg/m².
How often should adults with prediabetes be tested for diabetes?
At least annually.
What is the BMI threshold for obesity (class 1) in adults?
BMI ≥30 kg/m².
What A1C value is diagnostic for type 2 diabetes?
A1C ≥6.5%.
What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes?
Increased urination, fatigue, blurred vision.
How often should individuals with risk factors for type 2 diabetes be screened?
Every 3 years.
What glucose test is used to diagnose gestational diabetes?
75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
What should be done if a patient’s fasting glucose is 143 mg/dL?
Confirm diagnosis with an A1C or repeat glucose test.
What is the leading cause of death among individuals with diabetes?
Cardiovascular disease.
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the U.S.?
Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations.
What are the risk factors for developing diabetes complications?
Poor glycemic control, long duration of diabetes, hypertension.
What is the role of insulin in managing type 2 diabetes?
It promotes glucose uptake into cells and reduces blood glucose levels.
How does type 2 diabetes affect the kidneys?
It can lead to diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.
What is the main objective in managing type 2 diabetes?
To reduce long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease and retinopathy.
What is the role of lifestyle changes in preventing type 2 diabetes?
Diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
What is the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Kentucky according to ‘Diabetes An Emoji Story’?
High prevalence, particularly among obese individuals.
What are the complications of untreated diabetes?
Blindness, amputation, heart disease.
Why is type 2 diabetes considered a major health concern?
It significantly increases the risk of death and disability.
