T3 L8 STD

Question 1

Who gets STIs?

Answer 1

young age - under 20
frequent partner change
high numbre of lifetime partners
sexual orientation 
ethnicity for some STIs 
use of non barrier contraception 
history of previous STI

Question 2

why young people more likely to get STIs?

Answer 2

poor contraception awareness
high number of sexual partners
yet to develop skills and confidence to use condoms
more risk taking behaviours

Question 3

Female genital examination

Answer 3

inspect pubic area labia majora and minora and perianal area
inspect and palpate inguinal region
speculum examination - use lubricant - water . as gel can interfere with tests

Question 4

male genital examination

Answer 4

inspect pubic area
inguinal region
palpate scrotal contents
inspect penis and record whether circumcised , if not inspect under foreskin
particular attention to coronal sulcus frenulum and meatus
note presence of urethral discharge

Question 5

differences between viral and bacterial STIs

Answer 5

bacterial - early presentation compared to viral
rapid diagnosis
curative and reservoirs can be controlled whereas viral have expanding reservoirs

bacterial - chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrohoea

gonorrhoea and chlamydia commonly cause dysuria and discharge

Question 6

How does primary syphilis present ?

Answer 6

1-3 weeks after contact 
red mark - raised spot 
ulcer at site of contact 
enlarged lymph nodes in groin/neck 
not painful lesions 
heals within 1-3 weeks with or without treatment

Question 7

Secondary syphilis

Answer 7

2-6 weeks after primary stage 
lasts for 2-4 weeks 
systemic dissemination 
millions spirocaetes spread throughout body 
flu like illness headache
mouth ulcers
painless
white/grey lumps in moist areas 
arthirtis 
rapid resolution with treatment

Question 8

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 8

single cell protozoan parasite 
infections the vagina and urethra 
dysuria and discharge 
causes frothy discharge 
strawberry cervix

Question 9

how to diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 9

by seeing motile organisms on microscopy

Question 10

treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 10

responds well to metronidazole

Question 11

example of viral STIs

Answer 11

hepatitis
HIV
HPV
herpes

Question 12

types of genital warts

Answer 12

HPV Cause
types 6 and 11 in 90% cases
16, 18, 31 33 linked to cervical cancer

Question 13

Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 13

viral inclusion bodies

Question 14

Herpes simplex symptoms

Answer 14

painful ulceration
dysuria
vaginal discharge

Question 15

signs of herpes simplex

Answer 15

inguinal lymphadenopathy

blistering and ulceration

Question 16

Non sexually transmitted infections

Answer 16

candida/thrush

bacterial vaginosis

Question 17

complications of STIs

Answer 17

chalmydia/gon - PID, epididymitis, infertility
HPV - cancer
Bacterial vaginosis - miscarriage, early labour
syhilis - dementia, cardiac problems