L12 age and diet Flashcards
effect of age on insulin and glucose levels
insulin and glucose levels increase with age
increased insulin resistance and reduced peripheral glucose uptake
increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome
Age and menopause
pre menopause - cycling oestrogen
post menopause - very low constant levels
oestrogen low and LH/FSH high
morbidity - increased osteoporosis, increased CHD and sexual dysfunction with age
Benefits of post-menopausal HRT
reduce osteoporosis / fracture risk
reduce menopausal symptoms
Risks of HRT
Increase venous thomo-embolism
increase breast cancer esp if more than 5 years
increased endometrial cancer
Male hormones with age
reduce testosterone with age
clinical hypogonadism - reduced sexual function
inc osteoporosis
reduced muscle strength
What does testosterone treatment do?
BONE
Increase bone mineral density if hypogonadal
BODY COMPOSITION
increases lean body mass
reduce fat mass
increase muscle strength
risks of testosterone treatment?
prostate - BPH / cancer
cardiovascular?
Growth hormone treatment
increases lean body mass
reduces body fat mass
no significant change in bone mineral density
potential risks of GH treatment?
Increase cancer risk
inc IGF-I
prostate, colon, breast
increase T2 DM
side effects of GH treatment/
soft tissue adenoma
Arthralgias (painful joint)
carpel tunnel syndrome
how does age affect cortisol levels
increases with age
DHEA
dec with age associated with inc QOL inc Bone mineral density reduced cognitive decline reduce CHD
Age and Thyroid function
slight inc in TSH with age
reduced peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
reduce T3
effect of starvation on insulin, glucose and leptin
reduce glucose reduce insulin increase insulin sensitivity LEPTIN REPORTS NUTRITIONAL INFO TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS STARVATION SIGNAL reduced leptin = increase food intake low leptin = low fertility
effect of starvation on oestrogen/testosterone
reduced LH/FSH
reduced oestrogen/testosterone
reduced fertility
