Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology of Reproduction > T3: Embryonic Development > Flashcards

T3: Embryonic Development Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: once sperm are in the female tract, all the sperm from that ejaculate are capacitated at the same time

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is true about capacitation

A

-It is defined as the set of changes in the sperm plasma membrane that enables a cell to acquire fertilizing potential and undergo the acrosome reaction
-acrosome is altered and is not reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The purpose of the acrosome reaction is to:

A

Enable the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and Modify the equatorial segment so that it can later fuse with the plasma membrane of the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The 9+9+2 arrangement in the sperm tail describes the:

A

axoneme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vasodiltion, inhibit vasoconstriction, relax retractor penis muscle

A

erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

contraction of cauda epididymis and vas deferens/ release of accessory gland fluid

A

emission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

erection and penile protrusion

A

precopulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contraction of smooth muscle and striated muscles

A

ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The vomeronasal organ is unable to detect pheromones, but is a part of the olfactory system.

A

false: can detect hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The head of the sperm is comprised of what specific pieces?

A

acrosome, post nuclear cap, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oocyte maturation steps simplified

A
  1. mitotic division of primordial germ cells
  2. nuclear arrest
    3.cytosplampic growth
    4.resumption of meiosis following LH surge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many chromosomes are associated with the oocyte stage

A

2N: primordial germ cell/ secondary oocyte with 1 polar body
4N:primary oocyte
1N: Secondary oocyte with 2 polar bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

single cell where fusion of pronuclei has not occured

A

ootid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an animal in very early stages of development, where anatomical structures are not recognizable

A

embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an early embryonic stage that has a zona pellucida and blastomeres that are easily distinguished between each other

A

morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a cell of a developing embryo that is totipotent

A

blastomere

17
Q

an early embryonic stage that has a zona pellucida and blastomere that are NOT easily distinguishable

A

compact morula

18
Q

an early embryonic stage that has a fluid filled cavity present

A

blastocyst

19
Q

the fluid filled space of a blastocyst

A

blastocele cavity

20
Q

What are the phases/site of fertilization

A

site: ampullary-isthmic junction of oviduct
phases: sperm penetration
-pronucleus formation
-sygngamy (zygote formation)

21
Q

what are the steps of cleavage

A

zygote- 2 cell- 4 cell- 8 cell - 16 cell- morula- blastocyst

22
Q

can blastocyst be found in the oviduct

A

false

23
Q

describe the first few stages of embryonic development

A

AIJ, day 0-2: one cell, two polar bodies
AIJ, day 1-3: two cell, all cell divisions are mitotic
Isthmus, day 2-3: four cell
Isthmus, day 3-5: eight cell
enters uterus even if not fertilized (except mare: unfertilized remain in oviduct), day 4-5: sixteen cell (last totipotent stage)
uterus, day 5-6: morula

24
Q

what is the remainder of embryonic development after morula

A

day 6-7, tight morula: compact morula form tight cell compact, so that blastocyst formation is possible
day 7-8, early blastocyst: fills will fluid
day 7-9, blastocyst: fluid present
expanding and hatching blastocyst: day 9-11

25
Q

how does an ootid become a zygote

A

syngamy to make 2N

26
Q

describe the cell order of a developing embryo

A

ootid, zygote, 2-celled embryo (blastomeres), morula, early blastocyst, hatching blastocyst, hatched blastocyst

27
Q

what are the junctions in the morula and early blastocyst

A

gap junction: inside
tight junction: outside
sodium pumps in, water follows

28
Q

what is the importance of sodium pumping into the morula

A

mechanism of blastocoel function
- fluid builds, gap junctions allow the cells to polarize and they end up separating into the ICM and trophoblast

Physiology of Reproduction (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions