Endocrine System/ Hypothalamus

Question 1

what is epicrine hormonal secretion?

Answer 1

hormones pass through GAP JUNCTIONS w/out entering extracellular fluid

Question 2

What is nuerocrine hormonal secretion?

Answer 2

hormones pass through SYNAPTIC CLEFTS between neurons and neurotransmitters

Question 3

What is paracrine hormone secretion?

Answer 3

hormones diffuse through INTERSITIAL FLUID (prostaglandins)

Question 4

What is endocrine hormone signaling?

Answer 4

hormones are delivered via BLOODSTREAM (growth hormone)

Question 5

What is exocrine hormone secretion?

Answer 5

chemical substance is secreted to exterior of the body (phermones) or in the DIGESTIVE TRACT (somatostatin)

Question 6

What is autocrine hormonal secretion?

Answer 6

hormones are produced by a cell that can affect itself

Question 7

Which portion(s) of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is(are) responsible for secreting gonadotrophs?

Answer 7

pars distalis

Question 8

what lies
-anteriorly
-posteriorly
-dorsally
-ventrally, to the brain?

Answer 8

-anteriorly: optic chiasm
-posteriorly: mammillary bodies
-dorsally: thalamus
-ventrally: sphenoid bone

Question 9

describe pituitary development

Answer 9

anterior: roof of the mouth
posterior: neural tissue

Question 10

What does the tonic center do in the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

considered the pulsing center, where it pulsates the hormones, where negative feedback targets the most

Question 11

What is the name if the venous system in the brain and what is the importance with regard to hormones?

Answer 11

hypothalamop-hypophyseal portal system: distinct 2 capillary beds, allows minute quantities of releasing hormone to act on the anterior pituitary before they are diluted by the general circulation

Question 12

Where do the 5 types of hormone classes come from and give an example

Answer 12

Amines: tyrosine/ thyroid hormone, adrenal, catecholamines
Peptides: proteins/ growth hormone, prolactin, LH
Steroids: chloesterol/estrogen, testosterone, cortisol
Prostaglandins: arachidonic acid/ Pgalpha2

Question 13

What center do males lack in the brain?

Answer 13

there is no surge center: bc it is used for ovulation

Question 14

what are the other names for these regions of brain?
pituitary, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary

Answer 14

hypophysis, adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis

Question 15

what bone is by the pituitary gland by and the recess close by

Answer 15

sphenoid bone/ sella turcia

Question 16

what are the 5 cell types and an example of each?

Answer 16

somatotrophs: growth hormones
corticotropes: corticotropin releasing hormone
mammotropes: prolactin
thyrotropes: thyroid stimulating hormone
Gonadotrophs: FSH/LH

Question 17

What hormone comes from the pars intermedia?

Answer 17

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 18

what hormones does the anterior pituitary make and what do they do?

Answer 18

TSH (thyroid), ACTH(adrenal cortex), FSH/LH(testes/ovaries), growth hormone, prolactin, endorphins

Question 19

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 19

ADH(kidney), oxytocin