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Physiology of Reproduction > Female Estrous Cycle/ Intro to Follicle Development > Flashcards

Female Estrous Cycle/ Intro to Follicle Development Flashcards

1
Q

Primordial follicles have what cell type?

A

squamous

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2
Q

Primary cell types have what cell types?

A

cubodial

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3
Q

What is the ESTROUS CYCLE?

A

series of predictable reproductive events that begin at estrus and continues until the subsequent events

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4
Q

What is estrus? heat.

A

noun. period when female is receptive to copulation with the male

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5
Q

what is Estrous?

A

adj. the length of the estrous cycle in the pig is 21 days

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6
Q

What is anestrus?

A

without cyclicity: ovaries are relatively inactive, neither ovulatory follicles or corpora lutea are present (pregnant/ right after birth/ before puberty)

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7
Q

What are the types of estrous cycles?

A

-Polyestrus: uniform distribution of estrous cycles throughout the year
-seasonally polyestrus: (sheep/horses)
clusters of estrous cycles that occur during certain seasons of the year
-monoestrus: only one cycle per year (dogs/wolves)

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8
Q

What is the follicular phase?

A

follicle is the dominant structure on the ovary
-proestrus+estrus
-Large antral follicles
-estrogen is secreted by the follicles (main hormone)

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9
Q

What is the Luteal phase?

A

C.L is the dominant structure on the ovary
-metestrus+diestrus
-progesterone secreted by the CL is the primary hormone

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10
Q

What is folliculogenesis? Species number?

A

some primordial follicles begin to grow continuously throughout life
-swine (10-25)
-sheep (1-3)
-cattle, horses, humans=1

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11
Q

What is the primary hormone produced by the follicle?

A

estrogen

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12
Q

What is the primary hormone produces by the C.L?

A

progesterone

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13
Q

What blocks the animal from going into heat?

A

progesterone

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14
Q

Describe a basic overview of follicular waves

A

-cohort of follicles recruited initially
-some of these will continue to develop , while others undergo atresia
-a dominant follicle is selected for continued growth to preovulatory size
-if this follicle achieves dominance around the time of luteolysis, it will ovulate

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15
Q

At the time of recruitment, what stage are the follicles in?

A

tertiary, just small

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16
Q

What is the StAR protein?

A

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, transport protein that transfers cholesterol into the inner mitochondrial membrane
- this is the RATE LIMITING step for steroidogenesis

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17
Q

What is happening to the levels of estrogen during the growth of the follicles?

A

with the highest quality follicle, more estrogen is produced

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18
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

when progesterone declines, end of luteolysis (regression of the C.L)

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19
Q

What is happening in metestrus?

A

Luteal phase, right after ovulation form the previous cycle, corpus medi. here

20
Q

What is happening in the Diestrus phase?

A

The C.L is mature, Producing max amount of progesterone, majority of the cycle

21
Q

What is happening in proestrus?

A

progesterone declines, no signs of sexual reset

22
Q

What happens on the last follicular wave?

A

occurring after luteolysis, results in a dominant follicle that will ovulate. Only those follicles recruited during or after luteolysis will become eligible for ovulation. Follicles from any wave that are in the growth phase when luteolysos occurs are capable of ovulation.

23
Q

What happens to follicles during peak progesterone?

A

they become atretic

24
Q

What happens during recruitment (hormones/brain)

A

entry into gonadotropin sensitive pool, Anterior Lobe is producing alot of FSH, little LH on the ovary. The ovary is producing estrogen (negative feedback on the surge center)
-LH on theca cells, no FSH receptor on granulosa cells
-FSH plays a more important role than LH in antral follicle growth

25
Q

What happens during selection (brain/hormones)

A

some granulosa cells have gained LH receptors, FSH production has decreased, follicles producing estrogen and now inhibin (negative feedback on the surge center of the hypothalamus)
-estrogen acts on the Anterior Lobe, to stop production of FSH

26
Q

What happens during dominance in a follicle (hormones)

A

The largest follicles produce more and more estrogen, this prompts a surge of LH. FSH secretion is low due to inhibin and estrogen are secreted in high levels by the dominant follicle
-The drop in FSH is believed to cause other antral follicles to undergo atresia
-Estrogen production is at the highest

27
Q

How is the antrum formed?

A

from the stimulation of FSH, small pockets form together

28
Q

List the layers of the ovary from outer to inner.

A

germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, ovarian cortex,
ovarian medulla

29
Q

Where is the site of fertilization?

A

ampullary-isthmuc junction

30
Q

what are theca externa cells

A

outermost layer of the tertiary follicle that helps support integrity and growth

31
Q

What are theca interna cells

A

layer of cells bordering the exterior portion of the basement membrane that are important for producing androgens like testosterone

32
Q

What is the basement membrane

A

provides structural support to the developing follicles, maintaining cellular organization

33
Q

What are granulosa cells

A

layer of cells bordering the interior portion of the basement membrane that are important for producing estrogen

34
Q

What are corona radiata?

A

specialized granulosa cells that are in direct contact with the oocyte

35
Q

what is the stroma layer?

A

connective tissue of the ovary

36
Q

How long is the cow’s estrous cycle, duration of estrous, and timing of ovulation?

A

21 days, 15 hours, 24-32 hours

37
Q

How long is the mare’s estrous cycle, duration of estrous, and timing of ovulation?

A

21 days, 7 days, 5 days

38
Q

How long is the sow’s estrous cycle, duration of estrous, and timing of ovulation?

A

21 days, 50 hours, 36-44 hours

39
Q

How long is the ewe’s estrous cycle, duration of estrous, and timing of ovulation?

A

17 days, 30 hours, 24-30 hours

40
Q

why would anestrus occur?

A

prepubertal, pregnant, anorexic/obese, shortly after parturition, sickness/illness

41
Q

What is the period immediately preceding estrus, give characteristics of this phase

A

proestrus
-formation of ovulatory follicles/ e2 secretion main hormone
-begins when progesterone declines
-a part of the follicular phase

42
Q

What is estrus?

A

sexual receptivity and peak estrogen secretion
-female allows for copulation
-visual behavioral signs

43
Q

What is metestrus?

A

CL formation+ beginning of progesterone secretion
-transition from estrogen to progesterone dominance
-formation of corpora lutea

44
Q

What is diestrus?

A

-sustained luteal secretion of progesterone
-period of maximum luteal function
-longest stage of the estrous cycle and is a time when the corpus luteam is fully functional
-progesterone secretion is at the the highest

45
Q

What are the normal stages of estrous?

A

estrus, metestrus, diestrus, proestrus, estrus

46
Q

What is anestrus?

A

-means without heat or estrus
-result of insufficient GnRH release from the hypothalamus to stimulate and maintain gonadotropin secretion

Physiology of Reproduction (22 decks)

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